Despite the growing involvement of nurse practitioners in mental health services for children and adolescents, little is known about the patterns of mental health service use among youths treated by nurse practitioners compared to those by physicians. To identify new users of psychotropic medications initiated by nurse practitioners and physicians among Medicaid-insured youths and to assess if receiving psychosocial services prior to or concurrent with medication initiation differs among youths treated by provider and specialty type. A retrospective cohort study. We used Medicaid-insurance claims data in one mid-Atlantic state in the US. A total 12,991 Medicaid-insured youths aged 0-20 years who started psychotropic medications prescribed by nurse practitioners or physicians with primary care or psychiatric specialty during 2013-2014. Providers were grouped into nurse practitioners and physicians and into primary care and psychiatric specialty. Descriptive statistics were performed to compare each in need.Interleukin 37 (IL-37) is a newly identified cytokine that belongs to the IL-1 family. Unlike other members of the IL-1 family, it has been demonstrated that IL-37 possesses anti-inflammatory characteristics in both innate and acquired immune responses. Recently, significant progress has been made in understanding the role of IL-37 in inflammatory signaling pathways. Meanwhile, IL-37 has also attracted more and more attention in bone homeostasis and inflammatory bone diseases. The latest studies have revealed that IL-37 palys an essential role in the regulation of osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis. The levels of IL-37 are abnormal in patients with inflammatory bone diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and periodontitis. In addition, in vivo studies have further confirmed that recombinant IL-37 treatment displayed therapeutic potential in these diseases. The present review article aims to provide an overview describing the biological functions of IL-37 in bone homeostasis and inflammatory bone diseases, thus shedding new light on a novel therapeutic strategy in the future.Oil spills at sea pose a serious threat to coastal environments. Identifying oil pollution sources could help to investigate unreported spills, and satellite imagery can be an effective tool for this purpose. We present a Bayesian approach to estimate the source parameters of a spill from contours of oil slicks detected by remotely sensed images. Five parameters of interest are estimated the 2D coordinates of the source of release, the time and duration of the spill, and the quantity of oil released. Two synthetic experiments of a spill released from a fixed point source are investigated, where a contour is fully observed in the first case, while two contours are partially observed at two different times in the second. In both experiments, the proposed method is able to provide good estimates of the parameters along with a level of confidence reflected by the uncertainties within.There is limited understanding on nearshore fish community functioning in relation to changing environmental gradients. To address this, we investigated the trait composition of fish communities in five regions along the Portuguese coast during 4 years. Northern regions were characterized by higher Chlorophyll-α and small-sized species with short lifespans. The southernmost region was characterized by warmer waters, more intense upwelling events and typical warm-water species. Higher species richness and functional redundancy at the southernmost region suggested that in case of potential species loss, community functioning would be less affected in this region, and thus, a certain level of community resilience is maintained. The central region presented lower functional redundancy and high functional richness, which indicated the presence of rare species with rare traits, suggesting a more vulnerable community. This information on the nearshore fish community distribution may be particularly important towards managing coastal ecosystems in response to changing environmental conditions.Coral reefs are keystone coastal ecosystems that can be exposed to petroleum hydrocarbons from multiple sources, and when selecting spill response methods to limit environmental damages, corals represent one of the highest valued resources for protection. Because previous research to characterize the sensitivity of coral species to petroleum hydrocarbon exposures is limited, a continuous-flow passive dosing system and toxicity testing protocol was designed to evaluate the acute effects of two representative petroleum compounds, toluene and phenanthrene, on five coral species Acropora cervicornis, Porites astreoides, Siderastera siderea, Stephanocoenia intersepta, and Solenastrea bournoni. Using analytically confirmed exposures, sublethal and lethal endpoints were calculated for each species, and used as model inputs to determine critical target lipid body burdens (CTLBBs) for characterizing species sensitivity. Further, quantification of the time-dependent toxicity of single hydrocarbon exposures is described to provide model inputs for improved simulation of spill impacts to corals in coastal tropical environments.The abalone aquaculture industry in South Korea has grown rapidly since the 2000s. BMS-777607 in vivo In this study, we investigated the sedimentary pollution at four major abalone farms responsible for ~60% of all South Korean abalone produced. We also surveyed the current statuses of cage facilities, abalone mass mortality, and current velocities within and outside farm cages. The concentrations of total organic carbon in the study area were 7.92 ± 2.09 mg g-1, indicating a mild level of sedimentary pollution. We observed higher mortality rates in rectangular-shaped shelter cages than in triangular shelters. With increases in the number and size of abalone farming facilities, current velocities inside the cages declined by an average of 45% relative to those outside the cages, leading to poor habitat conditions for farmed abalone. Our results provide insights into the current status of the benthic environments and major causes of mass mortality in the abalone farms of South Korea.