As a promising candidate for next-generation mobile platforms, virtual reality and augmented reality have the potential to revolutionize the way we perceive and interact with various types of digital information. In the meantime, ultrathin planar liquid crystal polarization optics are enabling a new evolutionary trend in near-eye displays. A recent invited review paper published in eLight provides an insightful review on liquid crystal optical elements and their applications toward AR and VR.Una de las limitaciones para el uso de los Cuestionarios de Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud y de los resultados reportados por pacientes es la dificultad de interpretar los valores obtenidos. La diferencia mínima clínica importante es una medida que ayuda a comprender los resultados de estos cuestionarios y valorar la relevancia clínica del efecto conseguido por la intervención realizada. En este trabajo revisamos el concepto de diferencia mínima clínica importante, describimos los métodos utilizados para su obtención y exponemos sus dificultades, limitaciones y aplicabilidad. Dentro de los resultados reportados por pacientes y, particularmente, en los de calidad de vida, la diferencia mínima clínica importante es una herramienta que ayuda a los clínicos a utilizar correctamente las escalas de medida e interpretar el efecto de las intervenciones. Con este artículo esperamos facilitar la implantación y uso de la diferencia mínima clínica importante y los Cuestionarios de Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud en la práctica habitual con nuestros pacientes.BACKGROUND Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is one of the common opportunistic infections diagnosed in kidney transplantation recipients. It is difficult to identify early by use of classic tools such as Grocott-Gomori stains and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is accurate, unbiased, and sensitive, and is promising in PJP diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data on kidney transplantation patients diagnosed with PJP were retrospectively analyzed. The sensitivity and specificity of different tools such as mNGS, laboratory tests, and Grocott-Gomori stains for PJP diagnosis were compared. All recipients were treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). RESULTS There were a total of 12 kidney transplantation recipients diagnosed with PJP based on mNGS in our center from January 01, 2020 to October 27, 2020. Highly variable numbers of sequence reads for P. jiroveci (19 to 1041285) showed diagnostic significance. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were tested by Grocott-Gomori staining, with only 6 of 11 (54.5%) positive. Other routine laboratory tests like routine blood tests, blood biochemistry, procalcitonin (PCT), immune function, (1,3)-ß-d-glucan (BG), serum galactomannan (GM), and C-reactive protein (CRP) showed even lower efficacy. TMP-SMX appeared to be the ideal therapy for kidney transplantation recipients with PJP. CONCLUSIONS mNGS has utility in the diagnosis of PJP and mixed infections in kidney transplantation recipients, and TMP-SMX could be the ideal therapeutic drug for kidney transplantation recipients suffering from PJP.BACKGROUND Crohn disease (CD) is an idiopathic chronic inflammatory disease that can present in the perianal area as perianal CD (pCD), which can present as fistulizing or non-fistulizing. Perirectal abscesses are common complications that are strongly associated with fistula formation. Draining an abscess and not treating the associated fistula leads to a high risk of disease recurrence. An extensive workup is needed to determine the nature and extent of disease and guide the appropriate treatment strategy. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is an important modality for diagnosing CD-associated perianal or perirectal abscesses. It also has been used for treatment as an alternative to conventional surgical and percutaneous drainage techniques because it is minimally invasive and outcomes with it are good. The present report documents the case of a man with a history of CD who was diagnosed with a perirectal abscess that was managed with EUS-guided transrectal drainage. CASE REPORT A 58-year-old man with a history of CD presented with a 2-week history of chills, body aches, fatigue, and myalgia and a 1-week history of severe perirectal pain with worsening swelling. After a detailed history-taking, physical examination, and diagnostic workup, he was diagnosed with a CD-associated perirectal abscess. The patient and the attending physician decided to proceed with EUS-guided transrectal drainage. CONCLUSIONS Our case provides data regarding use of EUS for treatment of a CD- associated perirectal abscess.BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. Surgery is the primary treatment for CRC. Recent studies have shown that visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratio (VSR) may be a potential indicator of risk. The aim of the present study was to determine whether VSR is a suitable predictor of the impact of postoperative complications in CRC. MATERIAL AND METHODS Clinical data from 129 patients were analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent laparoscopic surgery for CRC. Preoperative imaging was used to quantify VSR. The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative complications. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the association between obesity indexes and postoperative complications. RESULTS There were 129 patients who underwent primary resections of colorectal cancer. At 30 days after surgery, postoperative complications had occurred in 33 (25.6%) patients. VSR was significantly associated with postoperative complications in multivariate analysis (P=0.032, OR 6.103, 95% CI 1.173-31.748). In ROC analysis, VSR was a potential predictor of complications (AUC 0.650). A cutoff value of VSR ≥0.707 was associated with 60% sensitivity and 29% specificity for postoperative complications. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Perifosine.html Patients with VSR ≥0.707 had 41.7% risk of morbidity, whereas those with less then 0.707 had 16.0% risk (P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that VSR is superior to VFA for prediction of the risk of complications following CRC laparoscopic surgery. We have also identified the optimal cutoff values for the use of VSR for this purpose. Measurement of VSR and identifying patients with increased risk of postoperative complications facilitate making perioperative decisions.