Porcelain gallbladder (PG) and epiploic appendagitis (EA) are rare imaging findings in an asymptomatic patient. The clinical presentation of PG and EA can vary; however, a common presenting complaint is abdominal discomfort. We describe the case of a 54-year-old male with computerized tomography findings consistent with PG and EA. We also performed a review of the literature to understand the etiology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis and treatment options of both PG and EA.Lymphangiomas are benign congenital malformation comprised of the lymphatic system. They typically present in the head, neck, and axillary regions of children with less then 1% being described in the small bowel mesentery. We report a case of a 76-year-old man who presented with incidental large (9x6 cm) multiloculated cystic mass in the right upper quadrant (RUQ) on a CT scan performed for nephrolithiasis. He was asymptomatic at the presentation. We performed a diagnostic laparoscopy which was converted to an open procedure due to the mesenteric mass extending deeply toward the mesenteric root. The depth of invasion required small bowel resection with primary side-to-side anastomosis. Pathology confirmed a lymphangioma of the small bowel mesentery with histopathological analysis and cytology negative for malignant cells. Lymphangiomas are benign masses, however, their complete resection, including the resection of the involved organs is necessary. Incomplete resection or drainage is no longer used in management due to high rates of recurrence. Mesenteric lymphangiomas, while typically benign congenital malformations, can progress and impact surrounding structures via mass effect. Definitive treatment of lymphangiomas, even when asymptomatic, should be complete resection.Cardiovascular complications following the receipt of mRNA-based (Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have not yet been described. In this case series, we describe two patients with clinically suspected myocarditis, one patient with stress cardiomyopathy, and two patients with pericarditis after receiving an mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine. The two patients with clinically suspected myocarditis were otherwise healthy young men who presented with acute substernal chest pressure and/or dyspnea after receiving the second dose of the vaccine and were found to have diffuse ST elevations on electrocardiogram (ECG), elevated cardiac biomarkers and inflammatory markers, and mildly reduced left ventricular (LV) function on echocardiography. Both patients met the modified Lake Louise Criteria for acute myocarditis by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. PTC596 datasheet We subsequently discuss a case of a 60-year-old woman with known coronary artery disease (CAD) and previously normal LV function, who presented with new exertional symptoms, ECG changes, and apical akinesis following the second dose of the vaccine, and was diagnosed with a stress cardiomyopathy. Finally, we describe two patients with pericarditis who presented with chest pain, elevated inflammatory markers, and pericardial effusions after receiving the vaccine. Overall, this case series describes the first reported cases of myocarditis, stress cardiomyopathy, and pericarditis after receiving an mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine.Introduction Patients with diabetes having advanced stage of diabetic retinopathy (DR) may predict future risk of coronary artery disease. To predict cardiovascular outcomes carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is utilized in diabetic patients. The aim of our study was the evaluation of the relationship between retinopathy and CIMT as two valuable non-invasive methods for early detection of micro- and macrovascular complication of diabetes. Methods This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in the internal medicine ward of tertiary care hospital in Pakistan from November 2020 to January 2021. Three hundred patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 300 control subjects were enrolled in the study after taking informed consent. Ophthalmological examination was done to screen patients for DR. CIMT was evaluated by a Doppler ultrasound for both carotid arteries. Results Carotid artery intimal thickness was more in patients with retinopathy compared to patients without retinopathy in both right (0.77 ± 0.16 vs. 0.66 ± 0.12; p-value less then 0.0001) and left carotid artery (0.77 ± 0.15 vs. 0.65 ± 0.11; p-value less then 0.0001). Conclusion In our study, there was a correlation between DR and CIMT. Screening for DR, which may be a potential early marker for complications, may help detect patients at risk of various macro and microvascular complications.Aim To identify the types of glaucoma and associated comorbidities among patients attending the ophthalmology clinic at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) in Jeddah. Methods A cross-sectional study that included all glaucoma patients at KAMC in Jeddah between June 1st, 2016 and November 30th, 2020. Data were collected through retrospective chart review from the electronic medical record system (BestCare) and utilized a structured data collection sheet. Results A total of 283 patients met the inclusion criteria. The most common type was primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG; 53%) followed by secondary glaucomas (SG; 26.5%) then childhood glaucoma and primary angle-closure glaucoma (CG, PACG; 7.4%). The majority of secondary glaucoma cases were due to neovascular glaucoma (NVG; 44.9%), followed by phacomorphic glaucoma (17.9%) and phacolytic glaucoma (10.3%). Hypertension (60.8%) and diabetes (58.3%) were the most prevalent systematic comorbidities, and cataract (49.1%) was the most prevalent ocular comorbidity. Conclusion POAG was the most common glaucoma type, followed by SG, CG, and PACG. Among secondary glaucoma types, neovascular glaucoma was found to be the most common subtype. Hypertension was the most prevalent comorbid condition.The rapid emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become the biggest healthcare crisis of the last century, resulting in thousands of deaths worldwide. There have been studies that evaluated the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in treating patients with COVID-19. However, the prior use of diuretics and their effect on mortality in this setting remains unknown. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of diuretics in patients admitted with COVID-19. The current study was conducted between March 15, 2020, and April 30, 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic in three different hospitals in Northern New Jersey, USA. The primary outcome was survival or in-hospital mortality from COVID-19 from the day of admission. The secondary outcome was severe or non-severe illness from COVID-19. This retrospective study included a total of 313 patients with a median age of 61.3 ± 14.6 years. There was a total of 68 patients taking diuretics at home and 245 patients who were not taking diuretics.