It was a result of iron coagulant toxicity, which led to cell membrane damage and leakage of cell contents to the water environment. Charophyte growth was significantly impaired, and thalli suffered numerous chlorotic and necrotic spots which extended gradually during experiment and finally caused death of specimens.Diffusion, sorption-desorption, and biodegradation influence chlorinated solvent storage in, and release (mass flux) from, low-permeability media. Although bioenhanced dissolution of non-aqueous phase liquids has been well-documented, less attention has been directed towards biologically-mediated enhanced diffusion from low-permeability media. This process was investigated using a heterogeneous aquifer cell, packed with 20-30 mesh Ottawa sand and lenses of varying permeability (1.0 × 10-12-1.2 × 10-11 m2) and organic carbon (OC) content ( less then 0.1%-2%), underlain by trichloroethene (TCE)-saturated clay. Initial contaminant loading was attained by flushing with 0.5 mM TCE. Total chlorinated ethenes removal by hydraulic flushing was then compared for abiotic and bioaugmented systems (KB-1® SIREM; Guelph, ON). A numerical model incorporating coupled diffusion and (de)sorption facilitated quantification of bio-enhanced TCE release from low-permeability lenses, which ranged from 6% to 53%. Although Dehalococcoides mccartyi (Dhc) 16S rRNA genes were uniformly distributed throughout the porous media, strain-specific distribution, as indicated by the reductive dehalogenase (RDase) genes vcrA, bvcA, and tceA, was influenced by physical and chemical heterogeneity. Cells harboring the bvcA gene comprised 44% of the total RDase genes in the lower clay layer and media surrounding high OC lenses, but only 2% of RDase genes at other locations. Conversely, cells harboring the vcrA gene comprised 50% of RDase genes in low-permeability media compared with 85% at other locations. These results demonstrate the influence of microbial processes on back diffusion, which was most evident in regions with pronounced contrasts in permeability and OC content. Bioenhanced mass transfer and changes in the relative abundance of Dhc strains are likely to impact bioremediation performance in heterogeneous systems.The problem of bacterial antibiotic resistance has attracted considerable research attention, and the effects of water treatment on antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are being increasingly investigated. As an indispensable part of the water treatment process, disinfection plays an important role in controlling antibiotic resistance. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ly3039478.html At present, there were many studies on the effects of conventional and new sterilization methods on ARB and ARGs. However, there is a lack of literature relating to the limitations of conventional methods and analysis of new techniques. Therefore, this review focuses on analyzing the deficiencies of conventional disinfection and the development of new methods for antibiotic resistance control to guide future research. Firstly, we analyzed the effects and drawbacks of conventional disinfection methods, such as chlorine (Cl), ultraviolet (UV) and ozone on antibiotic resistance control. Secondly, we discuss the research progress and shortcomings of new sterilization methods in antibiotic resistance. Finally, we propose suggestions for future research directions. There is an urgent need for new effective and low-cost sterilization methods. Disinfection via UV and chlorine in combination, UV/chlorine showed greater potential for controlling ARGs.Herein, ultrasonication (US)-assisted novel nanomaterial Ti3C2Tx MXene was utilized as a selective adsorbent for treatment of synthetic dyes in model wastewater. Two types of US frequencies, 28 and 580 kHz, were applied to disperse MXene to evaluate the feasibility of US-assisted MXene for wastewater treatment. The physico-chemical properties of MXene after US were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and zeta potential. According to FTIR and XPS, 28 kHz US-assisted MXene had a greater amount of oxygenated functional groups and dispersion compared to 580 kHz US-assisted and pristine MXene. Subsequently, US-assisted MXene was utilized as an adsorbent for the removal of positively charged methylene blue (MB) and negatively charged methyl orange. Both 28 and 580 kHz US-assisted MXene showed better adsorption performance for only MB compared to stirring-assisted MXene based on kinetics, isotherms, and several water chemistry factors including solution pH, temperature, ionic strength, and humic acid. Advantages of US-assisted MXene for water treatment are its fast kinetics at low dose and high selectivity for positively charged target compounds (i.e., MB). The main adsorption mechanism between MXene and MB was electrostatic interaction (attraction); however, physical properties (i.e., aggregation kinetics and hydrodynamic diameter), measured via dynamic light scattering, were also found to be critical factors in controlling the adsorption performance of the system. Lastly, US-assisted MXene exhibited a high regeneration property, based on 4th adsorption-desorption cycles.Atmosphere contamination management is one of the most important features in pollution risk management. The worldwide rise in tourism increases apprehension about its probable destructive conservation influence on various aspects of global conservation. One of the principal dangers increased by tourism-based modes of travel are nanoparticles (NPs) containing potentially hazardous elements (PHEs) contamination. One example of this is island destination of Lanzarote, in Spain's Canary Islands in which we examined contamination of the local atmosphere, water and soil. Important NPs containing PHEs, (e.g. arsenic, chromium, lead, and mercury), were found in this locale. It is reasonable to assume that this pollution poses an increased environmental danger to the local biome(s). Modes of transport (i.e. by car, airplane, bus) were shown to be an important contributor to this localized contamination as demonstrated by particulate matter (PM) readings collected near the island's airport. If no measures are taken to reduce vehicle and aircraft traffic, the tendency is to increase environmental degradation will continue unabated.