CONCLUSIONS Patients avoiding potentially favourable foods and gourmandizing potentially unfavourable foods are of concern. Special attention is needed for protein intake in the treatment of these patients.PURPOSE Almost 50% of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) will develop liver metastasis (LM). Although their only long-term curative treatment is surgery, less than half of these patients can be eventually resected. Therefore, palliative chemotherapy is offered as a definitive option, though with poor results. Recently, the University of Oslo group has published encouraging results in the treatment of these patients with liver transplantation (LT), whereby worldwide interest in this option has been renewed. learn more METHODS A literature review of LT for patients with unresectable colorectal metastasis was performed. This included information regarding patient selection, complications, overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), immunosuppression, chemotherapy, and description of the ongoing trials. RESULTS Improvements in OS and DFS have been observed in consecutive published prospective trials, as patient selection has been refined. Papers reporting OS of patients who randomly presented similar selection criteria also exhibited good results. CONCLUSION LT within the available therapeutic options in patients with CRC-LM seems to be a compelling alternative in carefully selected patients. The ongoing trials will provide valuable information regarding selection criteria, immunosuppressive therapy and different modalities of adjuvant chemotherapy, which are, to our knowledge, the vital platform of LT in CRC-LM. Although some of the developing techniques involve living donors, graft availability for these patients remains a matter of major concern.PURPOSE Few comparative studies are available on the long-term prognostic role of mesopancreas (MP) excision after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). We compared the long-term outcomes of patients undergoing standard PD (sPD) and PD with MP excision (PD-MPe). METHODS Sixty sPDs were compared to 60 matched PD-MPe patients for intraoperative and postoperative data, histopathological findings, and long-term outcomes. RESULTS R0 rate was similar in the two groups (p = 0.17). However, PD-MPe related to a lower rate of MP resection margin positivity (16.7% vs 5%; p = 0.04) and to a higher harvested lymph nodes number (19.8 ± 7.6 vs 10.1 ± 5.1; p  less then  0.0001). Local tumor recurrence was more frequent in the sPD cohort (55.5% vs 26.8% in the PD-MPe group; p = 0.002), with a consequent worse disease-free survival (DFS) (14.8% vs 22.3%; p = 0.04). An inferior 5-year overall survival (OS) was noted in case of MP margin positivity compared with MP margin negativity (0% vs 29%; p  less then  0.0001). MP positivity resulted as an independent prognostic factor for both a worse OS and DFS at the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION PD-MPe offers clinical advantages in terms of MP resection margin status, local recurrence, long-term mortality, and DFS. The lower MP positivity rate, achieved with PD-MPe, leads to better outcomes both in terms of OS and DFS.Fats, proteins and carbohydrates are the main energy supplies in human nutrition. The ratio of these three has often been discussed within the nutritional sciences over the years. Carbohydrates were important for our ancestors since many carbohydrate-rich foods were easily storable without cooling in comparison to protein-rich or fat-rich food, such as meat or fish. While humans consumed a mostly low-calorie nutrition and experienced seasonal changes in food availability and abundance for a long time, food supply changed in the last 100 years. We are now living in abundance, leading to a drastic increase in man-made and chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus. High, unregulated blood sugar levels in combination with the accumulation of advanced glycation end products seem to be major causes for the development of diabetes. Therefore, it is under discussion how healthy carbohydrates are and if they have to be avoided in nutrition.Agricultural intensification, with its associated habitat loss and fragmentation, is among the most important drivers of the ongoing pollination crisis. In this quasi-experimental study, conducted in intensively managed vineyards in southwestern Switzerland, we tested the separate and interdependent effects of habitat amount and fragmentation on the foraging activity and reproductive performance of bumblebee Bombus t. terrestris colonies. Based on a factorial design, we selected a series of spatially replicated study sites across a dual gradient of habitat amount (area of ground-vegetated vineyards) and fragmentation (density of ground-vegetated vineyard fields) in a landscape predominantly consisting of vineyards with bare grounds. The foraging activity of individual bumblebees was measured using the radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, and we assessed final colony size to measure reproductive performance. We found an interactive effect of habitat amount and fragmentation on colony size. More specifically, the degree of fragmentation had a negative effect on bumblebee colony size when the amount of habitat was low, while it had a weak positive effect on colony size in landscapes with high amounts of habitat. At the level of individual vineyard fields, ground vegetation cover exerted a positive effect on bumblebee colony size. Fragmentation, but not habitat amount, significantly influenced foraging activity, with more foraging trips in sites with lower degrees of fragmentation. Our results emphasise the importance of studying the separate and interdependent effects of habitat amount and fragmentation to understand their influence on pollinators, providing guidance for optimising the spatial configuration of agricultural landscapes from a biodiversity viewpoint.Humans receive information from their environment via the visual and auditory systems. This information protects us from dangers and guarantees vital actions, such as social interaction, locomotion, work processes and nutrition. The most important anatomical and functional features of these two sensory systems are compared and elucidated with respect to their interaction/functional complementarity. For this purpose, a selective literature search was carried out in the databases PubMed (also in the Europe PubMed Central), Psychline, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. Additional information was obtained from relevant books and websites in the fields of (neuro)anatomy, (neuro)physiology, (neuro)ophthalmology and (neuro)otology. Search terms were Hörbahn, Sehbahn, visual system, auditory system, visual pathway, auditory pathway, receptors, spatial hearing, spatial cognition, auditory cognition and visual cognition.