3% higher than the tested commercially available organic fertilizer (34.8%), and the disease index is significantly lower (P  less then  0.001) than both the control and commercial organic fertilizer. In conclusion, the prevention and control effects of our developed bio-organic fertilizer on wheat sharp eyespot were both significant and promising. The utilization of methanotrophs for reducing the global warming potential in a flooded paddy system is the progressive investigation in the recent. The field investigation was conducted in Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai. This study showed the effect of isolated methanotroph strain (MR15) on the reduction of methane emission and improvement in growth parameters and yield of paddy. The treatments included the diverse dosages of methanotroph consortium (0, 25, 50, 75 & 100%). The total seasonal methane emission varied between 1.96 and 5.04 kg ha-1 for the season of Kharif and 2.18 to 5.81 kg ha-1 for the season of Rabi owing to the footprint of methanotroph. Irrespective of treatments, the mean seasonal emission was more prominent during Rabi compared to the Kharif season. The dosage of methanotroph consortium significantly influenced not only seasonal methane emission but also the grain yield percentage, which increased over 100% Recommended Dose of Fertilizers (RDF). Application of 100% methanotroph consortium (i.e.6.25 kg ha-1) minimizes the methane emission by 60% with an increase in grain yield by 35% and lessens the usage of additional nutrients. Overall, this study showed a sign of atmospheric methane uptake with increase growth potential and yield of paddy cultivation using methanotroph consortium. Predicting disastrous wind and rainfall associated with tropical cyclones (TCs) is critical to prevent and mitigate the casualties and damage of TCs. The studied warning area was chosen with a radius of 800 km centered on Hong Kong in which the tracks of TCs making landfall in China are concentrated. In general, the number of TCs making landfall decreased but landfall locations and intensities of TCs increased since 1990. Our results suggested minimum sea level pressure (MSLP) in TC affected areas was the predominant disaster-warning factor and indicator for the resulting risks and damages of TCs in 1975-2017. The MSLP of 990 hPa monitored in a TC affected area was a threshold for severe impacts and prediction of strong wind and heavy rainfall. Early warning using a combination of MSLP and the nearest approach distance of TCs (MSLP of 990 hPa for distance of 100 km) outperformed the current warning system based on wind speed, often providing more timely warning and reducing the false warnings. The influence of collection efficiency and of legal regulations on both the technology and the effectiveness of energy and fertilizer recovery from the anaerobic digestion (AD) of bio-waste was investigated in a life cycle perspective for the Italian context. Concerning collection efficiency, some correlation was detected to both the AD technology and the amount of energy and fertilizer recovered. Nine out of 31 CE plants were based on solid anaerobic digestion batch located in those areas with collection efficiency 85% able to recover on average about 130 kg of fertilizer and 275 kWh of electricity per each Mg of bio-waste. Wet AD was also the only adopted for larger size plants from 60,000 Mg/year up to 600,000 Mg/year. Legal constraint on the direct use on land of the digestate caused an average increase of main impacts such as global warming (kgCO2eq), freshwater eutrophication (kgPeq) and human health (DALY) of about 300%. The effect of the quality of the bio-waste returned after the collection showed lower incidence on the overall impacts of about 20%, and mainly limited to global warming (kgCO2eq) and photochemical ozone formation (kgNMVOCeq). V.Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) can promote photosynthesis and biomass production of hyperaccumulators, achieving enhanced phytoremediation efficiency of cadmium (Cd). A better understanding of the mechanisms controlling photosynthesis of hyperaccumulating plants by PGPB is necessary for developing strategies that promote the practical phytoextraction of Cd-polluted soils. In this study, chlorophyll fluorescence, gas exchange, and transcriptome sequencing were conducted to evaluate the physiological and transcriptional changes on photosynthesis and carbon fixation in hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii after inoculation with PGPB Pseudomonas fluorescens. The results showed that bacterial inoculation significantly enhanced maximum quantum yield of PS II (Fv/Fm), effective quantum yield of PS II (ΦPSII), photochemical quenching (qP) and chlorophyll concentration, while reduced non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of S. alfredii. Further, inoculation resulted in an increased net photosynthetic rates (Pn), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of the studied plant. At the transcriptional level, 70 photosynthetic genes and 42 C4-pathway carbon fixation related genes were significantly up-regulated in response to inoculation, which could be the reason for enhanced photosynthesis and dry biomass. To sum up, this P. fluorescens strain can simultaneously promote growth and Cd uptake of S. alfredii, which can be a promising bacterial agent applied to Cd phytoremediation practices. V.Open burning of crop residues is a major source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which contribute substantially to the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) in the atmosphere. An integrated system of combustion chamber coupled with potential aerosol mass (PAM) reactor was used to demonstrate the emission characteristics of fresh and aged VOCs (corresponding to 2- and 7-day atmospheric aging) from the burning of rice, maize, and wheat straws. The average emission factor (EF) of quantified non-methane VOCs (NMVOCs) emitted from the straw (fresh) was 1.82 ± 0.41 g/kg and wheat straw had the highest EFs. The EF residues of quantified NMVOCs decreased considerably after photo-oxidation in PAM. Stronger oxidation condition (7-day aging) produced a 57.2% decline in NMVOC EFs, compared with 42.3% decline during 2-day atmospheric aging. Noradrenaline bitartrate monohydrate in vivo The largest declines were observed in the alkenes group 82.6% and 66.2% after 7- and 2-day aging, respectively, which is consistent with their high reactivity toward oxidation with ozone and hydroxyl radical (OH).