of CA- and HA-MRSA dissemination in Iran.Coronavirus disease is a potentially deadly disease and of significant apprehension for global communal health because of its lethality. Vaccines and antiviral medications are still under trial to prevent or treat human coronavirus (HCoV) till date. The virus HCoV originated in 2003, SARS-CoV, which causes respiratory syndrome having distinctive pathogenesis and infections of the respiratory tract. A mechanism was projected for the evolution of SARS virus, and a handy association with bats was found. When this virus reaches the respective host system, the infection starts with spike protein binding to its complementary receptor of the host cell. The coronavirus spike protein's association with its host cell receptor complement is crucial in deciding the virus infectivity, tissue tropism and species variety. Recent studies show that SARS Coronavirus 2 or COVID-19 requires protease to get into cells, offering a new therapeutic target. Distinctive attention and exertions should be given to defending or reducing transmission in vulnerable populaces, including those directly associated with caregiving and treatment and also aged one. Researchers are planning to develop a vaccine for COVID-19, and in this approach are also considered developing a vaccine that sensitizes our immune system preventing from this pandemic. find more The present review focuses on the role of S-spike protein in COVID-19, which helps the virus intruding the enzyme ACE2 (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2). Passive antibody therapy is an additional alternative to use blood donors from hale and hearty people who have already recovered from COVID-19 and therapeutic advancement in handling the COVID-19 pandemic.Stem cells can multiply into more cells with similar types in an undifferentiated form and differentiate into other types of cells. The great success and key essence of stem cell technology is the isolation of high-quality mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with high potency, either with multipotent or pluripotent property. In this line, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) are highly proliferative stem cells from dental pulp and have multipoint differentiation capacity. These cells play a pivotal role in regenerative medicine, such as cell repair associated with neurodegenerative, hepatobiliary, and pancreatic diseases. In addition, stem cell therapy has been widely used to regulate immune response and repair of tissue lesions. This overview captured the differential biological characteristics, and the potential role of stem cell technology and paid special attention to human welfare SHEDs in eliminating the abovementioned diseases. This review provides further insights into stem cell technology by expanding the therapeutic potential of SHEDs in tissue engineering and cell organ repairs.Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) regulate other cell types through a strong paracrine component called the secretome, comprising of several bioactive entities. The composition of the MSCs' secretome is dependent upon the microenvironment in which they thrive, and hence, it could be altered by pre-conditioning the MSCs during in vitro culture. The primary aim of this review is to discuss various strategies that are being used for pre-conditioning of MSCs, also known as "priming of MSCs", in the context of improving their therapeutic potential. Several studies have underscored the importance of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from primed MSCs in improving their efficacy in the treatment of various diseases. We have previously shown that co-culturing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with hypoxiaprimed MSCs improves their engraftment potential. Now the question we pose is would priming of MSCs with hypoxiafavorably alter theirsecretome and would this altered secretome work as effectively as the cell to cell contact did? Here we review the current strategies of using the secretome, specifically the EVs (microvesicles and exosomes), collected from the primed MSCs with the intention of expanding HSCs ex vivo. We speculate that an effective priming of MSCs in vitrocould modulate the molecular profile of their secretome, which could eventually be used as a cell-free biologic in clinical settings. Given the minimal capacity and sometimes the failure of the mammalian nervous system to regenerate and repair itself after damage, strategies are required to help enhance this regenerative process. Adiposederived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are likely candidates to assist in the recovery process due to their ability to differentiate into neural cells. Successful implementation of this intervention in a clinical setting would increase the rate of recovery following traumatic brain injury Review Various strategies have been attempted to differentiate ADMSCs into neural cells for clinical use. Such methods have not been entirely successful in the development of functioning specialized cells for subsequent practical use. Therefore, the implementations of this differentiation technique in clinical trial have not been effective. In this article, the potential of differentiating ADMSCs into neural cells and the various methods employed including biological induction, chemical induction and photobiomodulation (PBM) will be discussed, where the combination of using transducers and PBM for neural differentiation of ADMSCs was also deliberated. PBM shows promise as an avenue for effective ADMSCs differentiation into neural cells and their proliferation. Applying PBM with optimized biological factors and chemical inducers may prove to be an effective tool for clinical application.PBM shows promise as an avenue for effective ADMSCs differentiation into neural cells and their proliferation. Applying PBM with optimized biological factors and chemical inducers may prove to be an effective tool for clinical application. The incidence rate of renal disease is high which can cause end-stage renal disease. Ultrasound is a commonly used imaging method, including conventional ultrasound, color ultrasound, elastography etc. Machine learning is a potential method which has been widely used in clinical. To compare the diagnostic performance of different ultrasonic image measurement parameters for kidney diseases, and to compare different machine learning methods with human-reading method. 94 patients with pathologically diagnosed renal diseases and 109 normal controls were included in this study. The patients were examined by conventional ultrasound, color ultrasound and shear wave elasticity respectively. Ultrasonic data were analyzed by Support vector machine (SVM), random forest(RF), K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and artificial neural network (ANN), respectively, and compared with the human-reading method. Only ultrasound elastography data have diagnostic value for renal diseases. The accuracy of SVM, RF, KNN and ANN methods are 80.