Lung Oncology Group and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to synthesize qualitative research evidence on cancer survivors' experiences with financial toxicity (FT). METHODS We carried out a systematic review of qualitative studies using a meta-aggregation approach. Papers published prior to 31 August 2019, were collected from electronic databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, and Cochrane Library (Wiley). RESULTS Six synthesized findings were derived from 14 studies covering cancer patients' awareness of FT, cancer-related expenditures, and the risk factors, impacts, coping strategies, and unmet needs related to FT. CONCLUSIONS Cancer survivors incur FT; however, their awareness of FT is limited. Cancer-related FT has multiple impacts on survivors' lives. Although cancer survivors try to cope with FT through adjustments, they still have unmet needs for the management of FT. Nurses and social workers can play a critical role in helping survivors manage FT by increasing pre-awareness of FT, strengthening emotional empowerment, and providing personalized informative support. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Small bowel neuroendocrine tumours (SBNETs) are increasingly prevalent in surgical practice, with approximately 0.67 cases per 100,000 population in the United Sates [1]. Patients with SBNETs often present at advanced stages, when obstruction, pain, bleeding, and symptoms associated with metastatic carcinoid syndrome arise. The gold standard surgical management of SBNETs is an exploratory laparotomy and resection, with thorough palpation of the entire jejunum and ileum to identify sub-centimetre multifocal tumours [2]. Although minimally invasive surgical techniques are discouraged as primary interventions for SBNETs, they may prove useful in continued management of these cases and their potential complications [3]. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Making precise changes in the genomes of organisms is challenging for most genome editing tools. Recently, a search-and-replace method, also known as prime editing, was developed that can introduce user-defined sequence into a target site without requiring double-stranded breaks (DSBs) or repair templates (Anzalone et al., 2019). Buloxibutid cost The prime editor contains a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (M-MLV RT) fused to the C terminus of SpCas9 (H840A) nickase (Anzalone et al., 2019). This fusion protein is guided by a prime editing guide RNA (pegRNA) to the target site. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.The seahorses, pipefishes and seadragons (Syngnathidae) are among the few vertebrates in which pregnant males incubate developing embryos. Syngnathids are popular in studies of sexual selection, sex-role reversal, and reproductive trade-offs, and are now emerging as valuable comparative models for the study of the biology and evolution of reproductive complexity. These fish offer the opportunity to examine the physiology, behavioural implications, and evolutionary origins of embryo incubation, independent of the female reproductive tract and female hormonal milieu. Such studies allow us to examine flexibility in regulatory systems, by determining whether the pathways underpinning female pregnancy are also co-opted in incubating males, or whether novel pathways have evolved in response to the common challenges imposed by incubating developing embryos and releasing live young. The Syngnathidae are also ideal for studies of the evolution of reproductive complexity, because they exhibit multiple parallel origins of complex reproductive phenotypes. Here we assay the taxonomic distribution of syngnathid parity mode, examine the selective pressures that may have led to the emergence of male pregnancy, describe the biology of syngnathid reproduction, and highlight pressing areas for future research. Experimental tests of a range of hypotheses, including many generated with genomic tools, are required to inform overarching theories about the fitness implications of pregnancy and the evolution of male pregnancy. Such information will be widely applicable to our understanding of fundamental reproductive and evolutionary processes in animals. © 2020 Cambridge Philosophical Society.Highly upregulated in liver cancer (HULC) was initially recognized during the screening of a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-specific gene library. Further studies demonstrated its aberrant upregulation in several other tumor types. The oncogenic roles of this long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) have been verified through expression studies as well as functional studies. Moreover, the results of knockdown experiments have indicated diminished carcinogenic effects of cancer cell line in nude mice following HULC silencing. More recent studies have shown that expression levels of this lncRNA might be used as diagnostic biomarkers in cancer patients. Moreover, mechanistical studies have revealed associations between HULC and two HCC-related viruses namely hepatitis B and C viruses. Taken together, HULC can be regarded as a therapeutic target not only for HCC but also for a variety of human malignancies. In the current review, we summarized the recent literature about the role of HULC in the carcinogenesis and its potential application in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.In 2014, African swine fever (ASF) emerged in Latvia for the first time. The majority of cases appeared in wild boar, but the presence of ASF in these animals constitutes a permanent threat to domestic pig holdings. Recent studies have shown an increase of serologically positive and a decrease of PCR-positive ASF cases in wild boar, possibly indicating a decline of ASF incidence. We aimed to investigate the course of the ASF epidemic in wild boar in Latvia, thus attaining further insights into the ASF epidemiology in this country with the goal of assessing the stage of the epidemic. Latvian ASF surveillance data of wild boar were utilised to estimate the seroprevalence and ASF virus (ASFV) prevalence in the wild boar population. Prevalence estimates were obtained for both the eastern and western part of the country and in addition for the 2014/15 to 2018/19 hunting seasons. Moreover, prevalence estimates for three different age classes were calculated. An increase of serologically positive yet PCR-negative wild boar samples from active surveillance were identified over time.