Resin acids in pulp and paper mills wastewater are potentially partitioned in the solids in post-primary clarification due to higher hydrophobicity with log Kow ∼1.74-5.80. They are known to adversely affect anaerobic digestion (AD) process, although the effect has not been quantified deterministically in control studies. The objective of the present work was to determine the effect of untreated and ozonated spiked resin acids on AD of primary sludge. Batch adsorption tests were conducted to determine the solid-liquid partition coefficient (Kd) of resin acids on the primary sludge. Higher Kd was obtained at pH 4; however, it was decreased by 78-98% at pH 8. Thereafter, batch AD of model resin acids in primary sludge using food to microorganism ratio (S0/X) of 0.5gtCOD/gVSSindicated only 15-20% removal of resin acids in the liquid phase anaerobically. While, ozonation in pure water using 0.74-1.48 mg O3/mg tCOD showed >90% reduction of the test resin acids, an ozone dose of 0.52 mg O3/mg tCOD reduced 50-70% spiked resin acids' load to the digester. However, no further removal of resin acids occurred during AD over 30 days. About 42% reduction in methane production compared to the control digestor occurred in the presence of 150 mg/L of resin acids. When treated with 0.52 mg O3/mg tCOD, methane production improved and was comparable to the control digestor, indicating that resin acids may not be detrimental to AD at a concentration range of 45-75 mg/L.Biocatalytic degradation technology has received a great deal of attention in water treatment because of its advantages of high efficiency, environmental friendliness, and no secondary pollution. Herein, for the first time, horseradish peroxidase and mediator syringaldehyde were co-immobilized into functionalized calcium alginate composite beads grafted with glycidyl methacrylate and dopamine. The resultant biocatalyst of the co-immobilized horseradish peroxidase-syringaldehyde system has displayed excellent catalytic performance to degrade indole in water. The degradation rate of 100% was achieved in the presence of hydrogen peroxide even if the indole concentration was changing from 25 mg/L to 500 mg/L. If only the free enzyme was used under the identical water treatment conditions, the degradation of indole could hardly be observed even when the concentration of indole is low at 25 mg/L. This was attributed to the effective co-immobilization of the enzyme and the mediator so that the catalytic activity of horseradish peroxidase and the synergistic catalytic action of syringaldehyde could be fully developed. Furthermore, while the spherical catalyst was operated in succession and reused for four cycles in 50 mg/L indole solution, the degradation rate remained 91.8% due to its considerable reusability. This research demonstrated and provided a novel biocatalytic approach to degrade indole in water by the co-immobilized horseradish peroxidase-syringaldehyde system as biocatalyst.Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is a promising wastewater treatment innovation, but its instability hinders its broader applications. Understanding the granulation process is vital to address this issue. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play an essential role in sludge granulation. However, one crucial aspect of EPS, the adhesive and viscoelastic properties, has been neglected in AGS studies. In this study, we set up two reactors fed with COD/N ratios of 100 5 (R1) and 100 10 (R2) for comparison, to investigate the adhesive and viscoelastic properties of sludge EPS during the sludge granulation. We found that R2 showed a more rapid sludge granulation with more stable granules formed, contained a higher abundance of amoA gene, and had a higher production of polysaccharides than R1. We also found a sharp decrease in polysaccharide production and β-sheets abundance accompanied by granule size decrease in R1 on Day 80, indicating their essential roles in sludge granulation and granule stability. QCM-D (quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring) results showed that EPS became less adhesive and inclined to form unstable layers on the mineral surfaces along with the sludge granulation process. In contrast, they showed the opposite behavior and became more adhesive on the PVDF sensors. Our results suggested that higher polysaccharides, a higher β-sheets band in proteins, and lower mineral surface-adhesive and viscoelastic properties benefited the aerobic sludge granulation process and the granule maintenance.A new synthesis method was developed to prepare an aluminum-based metal organic framework (MIL-96) with a larger particle size and different crystal habits. A low cost and water-soluble polymer, hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), was added in varying quantities into the synthesis reaction to achieve >200% particle size enlargement with controlled crystal morphology. The modified adsorbent, MIL-96-RHPAM2, was systematically characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR, BET and TGA-MS. Using activated carbon (AC) as a reference adsorbent, the effectiveness of MIL-96-RHPAM2 for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) removal from water was examined. The study confirms stable morphology of hydrated MIL-96-RHPAM2 particles as well as a superior PFOA adsorption capacity (340 mg/g) despite its lower surface area, relative to standard MIL-96. MIL-96-RHPAM2 suffers from slow adsorption kinetics as the modification significantly blocks pore access. 4EGI-1 The strong adsorption of PFOA by MIL-96-RHPAM2 was associated with the formation of electrostatic bonds between the anionic carboxylate of PFOA and the amine functionality present in the HPAM backbone. Thus, the strongly held PFOA molecules in the pores of MIL-96-RHPAM2 were not easily desorbed even after eluted with a high ionic strength solvent (500 mM NaCl). Nevertheless, this simple HPAM addition strategy can still chart promising pathways to impart judicious control over adsorbent particle size and crystal shapes while the introduction of amine functionality onto the surface chemistry is simultaneously useful for enhanced PFOA removal from contaminated aqueous systems.The greatest constraint in the advanced oxidation processes involved Fe(II)/PMS was the low utilization of Fe(II) and PMS. In the present study, the co-catalytic effect of WS2 on the Fe(II)/PMS system for the degradation of organics was investigated. In the presence of WS2, Fe(III) was reduced to Fe(II) during the reaction and resulted in improved decomposition of PMS as well as the degradation of 4-chloriphenol (4-CP). The decomposition rate of PMS and degradation efficiency of 4-CP were 10% and 25% in the Fe(II)/PMS process, while the efficiencies respectively increased to 99% and 100% in the WS2 assisted Fe(II)/PMS system. The degradation of 4-CP was completed via the free radical pathway and SO4•- played a more important role than other active species. Low concentration of inorganic ions such as Cl- and HCO3- exhibited irrelevant effect while humic acid showed significant suppression on the WS2/Fe(II)/PMS system. Additionally, characterization and recycle results implied that WS2 maintained a good stability during the co-catalytic processes.