A systematic review on meatal cleaning prior to urinary catheterisation and post catheterisation and reduces the risk catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) and bacteriuria was published in 2017, with further studies undertaken since this time. The objective of this paper is to present an updated systematic review on the effectiveness of antiseptic cleaning of the meatal area for the prevention of CAUTIs and bacteriuria in patients who receive a urinary catheter. Systematic review. Electronic databases Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Medline and Academic Search Complete were searched from 1 January 2016 and 29 February 2020. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies evaluating the use of antiseptic, antibacterial or non-medicated agents for cleaning the meatal, periurethral or perineal areas before indwelling catheter insertion or intermittent catheterisation or during routine meatal care. Data were extracted using the Cochrane Collaboration's data collection form for RCTs and non-RCTs. Data were extracted by one researcher and then checked for accuracy by a second researcher. A total of 18 studies were included. Some potential benefit of using antiseptics, compared with non-antiseptics for meatal cleaning to prevent bacteriuria and or CAUTI was identified (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.02; p=0.071). Antiseptics (chlorhexidine or povidine-iodine) may be of value for meatal cleaning on the incidence of CAUTI, compared with comparator agents (saline, soap or antimicrobial cloths) (OR=0.65, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.99; p=0.047). There is emerging evidence of the role of some specific antiseptics (chlorhexidine) prior to urinary catheterisation, in reducing CAUTIs, and some potential benefit to the role of antiseptics more generally in reducing bacteriuria. CRD42015023741.CRD42015023741. To investigate the bidirectional association between migraine and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Two longitudinal follow-up studies. Data collected from a national cohort between 2002 and 2013 by the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort. In cohort 1, matching resulted in the inclusion of 31 589 migraine patients and 126 356 control I participants. In cohort 2, matching resulted in the inclusion of 9287 RA patients and 37 148 control II participants. The HRs for RA in patients with migraine (cohort 1) and migraine in patients with RA (cohort 2) were analysed using stratified Cox proportional hazard models after adjusting for autoimmune disease, Charlson Comorbidity Index scores without rheumatoid diseases, obesity (body mass index), smoking and history of alcohol intake. Subgroup analyses stratified by age, sex, income and region of residence were also performed. The incidence of RA in the migraine group (2.0% (640/31 589)) was higher than that in the control I group (1.4% (1709/126 356), p<0.001). The adjusted HR for RA in the migraine without aura group was 1.48 (95% CIs=1.34 to 1.63, p<0.001).The incidence of migraine in the RA group (6.4% (590/9287)) was higher than that in the control II group (4.6% (1721/37 148), p<0.001). The adjusted HR for migraine without aura in the RA group was 1.35 (95% CI=1.23 to 1.49, p<0.001). Migraine increases the risk of RA, and RA is also associated with an increased risk of migraine.Migraine increases the risk of RA, and RA is also associated with an increased risk of migraine. In recent history, many new infectious diseases have affected humans for the first time or have appeared in previously unaffected areas of the world; these diseases are known as emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). Examples of EIDs include COVID-19, Middle East respiratory syndrome and Ebola virus disease. EIDs are known for their complexity. this website Multiple factors play a role in their spread, including increases in human population, conflicts, urbanisation, air travel, global trade and inequalities in wealth distribution and access to healthcare. In order to gain a better understanding of such complexity, we aim to explore the role of systems science, which allows us to view EIDs in the context of complex adaptive systems rather than simple causes and effects. The objectives of this scoping review are to explore and map the theoretical concepts and key characteristics of studies that use systems methods in controlling EIDs, to identify the gaps in knowledge and disseminate the results. We will follow the Joanneminate the findings, results will be shared through academic publications, seminars and conferences. As many as 74% of veterans with alcohol use disorders (AUDS) report symptoms of insomnia. Insomnia represents a barrier to alcohol treatment because insomnia symptoms (1) may lead to relapse among those who use alcohol to help them sleep and may negatively impact (2) executive functions and (3) emotion regulation skills. Cognitive-behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is an efficacious first-line treatment for insomnia; however, no research has examined the impact of CBT-I on individuals' response to alcohol treatment. In the Sleep and Alcohol for Veterans (Project SAVE) randomised controlled trial, we hypothesise that CBT-I will enhance the efficacy of alcohol treatment among Veterans with insomnia by enhancing their abilities to attend to treatment, regulate emotions and initiate sleep without alcohol. Eighty Veterans enrolled in alcohol treatment at the Veterans Administration (VA) hospital will be randomly assigned to receive either CBT-I or single-session sleep hygiene (SH) education. Individuals clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT03806491 (pre-results).clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT03806491 (pre-results). Currently National Institute for Health and Care Excellence clinical guidelines in the UK suggest that surgeons performing partial hip replacements (hemiarthroplasty) should consider using the lateral approach. Alternatively, a newer, modified posterior approach using a muscle sparing technique named 'Save Piriformis and Internus, Repairing Externus' (SPAIRE) can be used leaving the major muscles intact. This randomised controlled trial (RCT) aims to compare the SPAIRE approach to the standard lateral approach, to determine if it allows patients to mobilise better and experience improved function after surgery. HemiSPAIRE is a two-arm, assessor-blinded, definitive pragmatic RCT with nested pilot and qualitative studies. Two hundred and twenty-eight participants with displaced intracapsular fractures requiring hip hemiarthroplasty will be individually randomised 11 to either the SPAIRE, or control (standard lateral approach) surgical procedure. Outcomes will be assessed at postoperative day 3 (POD3) and 120 (POD120).