Previously, we have reported the successful preparation of micrometer-sized poly(methyl methacrylate) particles without submicrometer-sized byproduct particles by microsuspension iodine-transfer polymerization (ms ITP), in which the radical exit depression (RED) effect was expected, with the benzoyl peroxide initiator at 8 wt % relative to the monomer. However, it was difficult to apply it simply under a similar condition for methyl acrylate (MA), which is more hydrophilic than methyl methacrylate (MMA), because the polymerization rate in the water phase (Rpw) arising from the oligomer radicals exiting from the monomer droplets is high, resulting in a lot of submicrometer-sized byproduct particles. In this study, the problem was overcome by utilizing a two-step temperature process in the microsuspension polymerization with iodoform (ms I) of MA, which supports the proposed mechanism in the ms ITP of MMA in the previous paper. Although the control of the molecular weight (Mn) and the molecular weight distribution (Mn/Mw) was restricted, the preparation of micrometer-sized particles without byproduct particles was realized and a high conversion was reached within a practical time that meets the demands of the industry by utilizing the ms I. The optimal conditions for MA were 70 °C for 2 h, followed by 80 °C for 4 h with a high content of initiator (8 wt % relative to a monomer).Electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) microscopy shows promise as a technique for mapping chemical reactions on single nanoparticles. The technique's spatial resolution is limited by the quantum yield of the emission and the diffusive nature of the ECL process. To improve signal intensity, ECL dyes have been coupled with plasmonic nanoparticles, which act as nanoantennas. Here, we characterize the optical properties of hexagonal arrays of gold nanodisks and how they impact the enhancement of ECL from the coreaction of tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)dichlororuthenium(II) hexahydrate and tripropylamine. We find that varying the lattice spacing results in a 23-fold enhancement of ECL intensity because of increased dye-array near-field coupling as modeled using finite element method simulations.Cigars are among the broad variety of tobacco products that have not been as extensively studied and characterized as cigarettes. Small cigars wrapped in a tobacco-containing sheet, commonly referred to as little cigars, are a subcategory that are similar to conventional cigarettes with respect to dimensions, filters, and overall appearance. Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) are carcinogens in the tobacco used in both little cigars and cigarettes. This study uses a validated high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to measure the TSNAs 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) in the tobacco filler and the nonintense International Organization for Standardization smoking regimen, ISO 3308, and the newer ISO 20778 Cigarette Intensive (CI) smoking regimen mainstream smoke of 60 commercial little cigars. Tobacco filler NNK and NNN quantities ranged from 26 to 2950 and 1440 to 12 100 ng/g tobacco, respectively. NNK and NNN by the ISO nonintense smoking regimen ranged from 89 to 879 and 200 to 1540 ng/cigar, respectively; by the CI regimen, NNK and NNN ranged from 138 to 1570 and 445 to 2780 ng/cigar, respectively. The average transfer (%) for NNK and NNN from tobacco filler to mainstream smoke was 24% and 36% by the ISO nonintense and CI smoking regimens, respectively. By the ISO nonintense and CI smoking regimens, mainstream smoke NNK and NNN yields showed a moderate to strong correlation (ISO nonintense, R2 = 0.60-0.68, p less then 0.0001; CI, R2 = 0.78-0.81, p less then 0.0001) with tobacco filler NNK and NNN quantities. In addition, the mainstream smoke NNK and NNN yields of little cigars were determined to be 3- to 5-fold higher compared to previously tested commercial cigarettes. The mainstream smoke NNK and NNN yields have wide variation among commercial little cigars and suggest that, despite design similarities to cigarettes, machine-smoke yields of carcinogenic TSNAs are higher in little cigars.Dinuclear heteroleptic alkaline-earth-metal complexes are interesting synthetic targets because the close proximity of two metals allows for cooperative effects. However, these complexes are also prone to undergoing Schlenk-type rearrangements, affording less-active homoleptic complexes. Here we present the metalation of bis(β-diketimine) ligands possessing flexible bridging groups, i.e., 1,2-ethylene, 1,3-propylene, and trans-1,2-cyclohexylene, using calcium and magnesium precursors. Four mononuclear homoleptic calcium complexes were obtained, highlighting the pronounced tendency of calcium to undergo Schlenk-like redistributions. In the case of magnesium, however, the bridging group plays a crucial role, yielding seven dinuclear heteroleptic complexes but also one mononuclear and one dinuclear homoleptic complexes. In addition, a trinuclear mixed heteroleptic-homoleptic magnesium complex, which is a rare example of an intermediate of the Schlenk equilibrium, was isolated.Zinc/Zn(II) is an essential trace element for humans and acts as an important substance that maintains the normal growth, development, and metabolism of the body. Excess or deficient Zn(II) can cause abnormal metabolism in the human body, leading to a series of diseases. Moreover, biosystems have complex homeostasis systems, especially harsh pH (OH-) environments. KRT-232 concentration Thus, investigating the variation in the levels of Zn(II) and OH- is extremely important in clinical, medical, and environmental testing. Nevertheless, the lack of practical and convenient fluorescence imaging tools limits the tracing of Zn(II) and OH- in biosystems. In this work, a well-designed dual-channel fluorescent signal response chemosensor (DACH-fhba) was assembled for selective sensing of Zn(II) and OH- in the biosystem using a fluorescence turn-on strategy. On encountering Zn(II), the chemosensor emitted a blue fluorescence signal (455 nm). Meanwhile, the bright green fluorescence signal (530 nm) increased with OH- addition simultaneously.