Such evidence raises a relevant question does the therapeutic benefit of the parenteral administration of HNTs in cancer outweigh their potential toxicological risk? To answer this question further long-term absorption-distribution-metabolism-excretion studies in healthy and cancer animal models need to be performed. In cancer therapeutics, HNTs are envisaged as promising platforms for cancer multi-agent therapy, enabling the combination of different therapeutic modalities. #link# Furthermore, HNTs might constitute suitable nanotheranostic platforms. Nevertheless, to confirm the potential and safety of the application of HNTs as nanodelivery systems for cancer therapy, it is necessary to perform in-depth in vivo pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic studies to further the translation to clinical trials. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a monomeric intermediate filament protein. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed regarding a candidate biomarker for astrocytic damage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood GFAP levels in differentiating multiple sclerosis and its subtypes. Relevant studies published prior to October 2020 were retrieved from the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and clinicaltrials.gov databases using the following keywords 'Multiple sclerosis' or 'MS' and 'Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein' or 'GFAP'. Two authors independently selected the articles and extracted the data. Of the 31 full articles screened, 11 were included in the qualitative analysis and meta-analysis. Differences in the mean CSF and blood GFAP levels were used as the main efficacy measures, and the meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager version5.3 software. Eleven clinical tria the increase in cerebrospinal fluid GFAP level than relapsing-remitting MS, and GFAP may be a useful marker of disease progression. Moreover, the GFAP level in the blood of MS patients is higher than that in the control group, and the sample size needs to be further expanded for verification in the future..The level of CSF-GFAP is correlated with MS and its different subtypes, reflecting the different degrees of damage to astrocytes in different subtypes of MS. In addition, progressive MS is more closely related to the increase in cerebrospinal fluid GFAP level than relapsing-remitting MS, and GFAP may be a useful marker of disease progression. Moreover, the GFAP level in the blood of MS patients is higher than that in the control group, and the sample size needs to be further expanded for verification in the future..Despite high incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) among patients hospitalised for influenza, no previous work has attempted to analyse and quantify the association between the two. Herein, we made use of Hong Kong's surveillance data to evaluate the time-varying relationship between seasonal influenza and risk of AKI with adjustment for potential environmental covariates. Generalized additive model was used in conjunction with distributed-lag non-linear model to estimate the association of interest with daily AKI admissions as outcome and daily influenza admissions as predictor, while controlling for environmental variables (i.e. temperature, relative humidity, total rainfall, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone). Results suggested a positive association between risk of AKI admission and number of influenza hospitalisation cases, with relative risk reaching 1.12 (95% confidence interval, 1.10-1.15) at the 95th percentile. Using median as reference, an almost U-shaped association between risk of AKI admission and temperature was observed; the risk increased significantly when the temperature was low. While ozone was not shown to be a risk factor for AKI, moderate-to-high levels of nitrogen dioxide (50-95th percentile) were significantly associated with increased risk of AKI admission. This study mentioned the possibility that AKI hospitalisations are subject to environmental influences and offered support for a positive association between seasonal influenza and AKI occurrence in Hong Kong. Authorities are urged to extend the influenza vaccination program to individuals with pre-existing renal conditions to safeguard the health of the vulnerable. Given that adverse health effects are evident at current ambient levels of nitrogen dioxide, the government is recommended to adopt clean-air policies at the earliest opportunity to protect the health of the community. Exposure to ambient air pollution has been reported to be inversely correlated with human reproductive health. However, this website of previous studies exploring the association between air pollution and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes are conflicting, and further research is needed to clarify this association. This study aimed to investigate the associations between exposure to air pollutants and IVF outcomes. We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study involving 20,835 patients from four cities in Northern China, contributing to 11,787 fresh embryo transfer cycles, 9050 freeze-all cycles, and 17,676 frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles during 2014-2018. We calculated the daily average concentrations of six criteria air pollutants (PM , PM , O , NO , CO, and SO ) during different exposure windows in IVF treatment timeline using data from the air monitoring station nearest to the residential site as approximate individual exposure. Generalized estimation equation models were u should be limited to improve treatment outcomes. Pyrethroids, one of the most commonly used pesticide classes, are considered to be selectively toxic toward insects rather than toward humans. However, there are accumulating data about pyrethroids toxicity in humans, especially sex organs. Thus, we investigated whether pyrethroids affected reproductive organs, especially the prostate gland. With 1305 subjects who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, several measurements were performed 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), a common metabolite of pyrethroids; prostate-specific antigen (PSA); and other covariates. Both logistic and linear regression analyses were performed after stratifying according to kidney function, which was evaluated based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). By logistic regression, the ORs (95% CIs) of the highest quantile to the reference group for higher total PSA were 2.039 (1.018 - 4.084) in the total study population and 2.219 (1.083-4.548) in the high eGFR group. The ORs (95% CIs) of the highest quantile to the reference group for a lower PSA ratio were 1.