We focused on the latest advances in SHs pretreatment, and the application of new technologies in SHs analysis.Introduction It is fortunate that an international panel of experts proposed definitions for multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) in the past.Areas covered In our opinion, these definitions need amendments in order to be semantically more accurate.Expert opinion We suggest for the MDR definition to add to 'MDR is defined as non-susceptibility to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories' that this non-susceptibility is at most to the total number of all antimicrobial categories minus two, so that the definition reads MDR is defined as non-susceptibility to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories and up to (and including) the total number of all antimicrobial categories minus two. We suggest that the experts' definition of XDR as 'non-susceptibility to at least one agent in all but two or fewer antimicrobial categories (i.e. bacterial isolates remain susceptible to only one or two categories)' has to be modified regarding the content of the parenthesis to (i.e. bacterial isolates remain susceptible to only one or two or even none antimicrobial category [in this latter setting bacterial isolates are resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent in all antimicrobial categories and concurrently there is at least one antimicrobial agent to which the isolate is susceptible to]).Malawi has one of the highest HIV prevalence rates (8.9%), and data suggest 27% pain prevalence among adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) in Malawi. Pain among ALHIV is often under-reported and pain management is suboptimal. We aimed to explore stakeholders' perspectives and experiences on pain self-management for ALHIV and chronic pain in Malawi. We conducted cross-sectional in-depth qualitative interviews with adolescents/caregiver dyads and healthcare professionals working in HIV clinics. Data were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and translated (where applicable) then imported into NVivo version 12 software for framework analysis. We identified three main themes (1) Experiencing "total pain" adolescents experienced physical, psychosocial, and spiritual pain which impacted their daily life activities. (2) Current self-management approaches participants prefer group-based self-management approaches facilitated by healthcare professionals or peers at the clinic focussing on self-management of physical, psychosocial, and spiritual pain. (3) Current pain strategies participants used prescribed drugs, traditional medicine, and non-pharmacological interventions, such as exercises to manage pain. A person-centred care approach to self-management of chronic pain among ALHIV is needed to mitigate the impact of pain on their daily activities. There is a need to integrate self-management approaches within the existing structures such as teen clubs in primary care.The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic placed an unprecedented demand on health systems to rapidly shift ambulatory in-person care to virtual care. Geriatric patients face more challenges with video visit access compared to younger patients due to discomfort with technology and less access to devices and internet. Medical students at the University of Michigan created an initiative to improve access to and comfort with video visits for geriatric patients. The program's goals were to (a) explore options for the delivery of personalized training to older adults, (b) create materials for volunteers to successfully navigate conversations with patients and caregivers, (c) provide patients one-to-one remote guidance while identifying and overcoming barriers-with practice sessions to increase comfort, (d) share with the larger health system, and (e) ensure program sustainability. Over a 10-week evaluation period, providers whose patients worked with our geriatric education on telehealth access volunteers had a video visit rate of 43% compared to 19.2% prior to participation in the program (adjusted odds ratio = 3.38, 95% confidence interval = 2.49, 4.59), ultimately providing a platform for geriatric patients to foster stronger connections with their providers, while increasing Michigan Medicine's overall proportion of video telehealth visits. To identify people with history of mental health disorders before the COVID-19 pandemic in the Brazilian population and estimate the prevalence of mood swings and the subjective distress of the pandemic among individuals with or without mental health disorders. Through an online survey, participants were asked about presence or absence of mental health disorders. In addition, they answered the Brunel Mood Scale and the Impact of Event Scale. The mean percentile of mood swing indicators and psychological impact scores were estimated, and data were analyzed by logistic regression. 13,248 people participated (70.5% women, mean age 35.4 years, 31.2% with history of mental health disorder). Women and younger people were more likely to be diagnosed with mental health disorder. All participants had significant changes in mood due to the pandemic. Anger, depressed mood, mental confusion, and fatigue were higher among individuals with bipolar disorder or with combined disorders. Individuals with mental health disorders had a greater subjective distress, especially the group with bipolar disorder (OR = 4.89 [3.64-6.56]) and combined disorders (OR = 6.89 [5.21-9.10]). Individuals previously diagnosed with mental health disorders at some point in life are more vulnerable to psychological impact from the pandemic.Individuals previously diagnosed with mental health disorders at some point in life are more vulnerable to psychological impact from the pandemic.The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of three COVID-19-related variables (i.e., risk perception, knowledge, and behaviour) on four indices of pandemic-related mental health (i.e., anxiety, depression, loneliness, and hopelessness). In total, 337 participants completed four self-report questionnaires selected subscales of the World Health Organisation's COVID-19 Behavioural Insights Tool, UCLA Loneliness Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait Scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and Beck Hopelessness Scale. In addition to descriptive statistics and intercorrelations, structural equation modelling was used to compare three models of the potential role (predictor or moderator/mediator) that the three abovementioned COVID-19-related variables could play in psychological wellbeing. The results showed high levels of psychological distress among the current sample. SEL120 ic50 Generally, better knowledge of COVID-19 and engaging in protective behaviours were found to be related to lower levels of psychological distress, whereas increased risk perception was found to be associated with increased feelings of loneliness, anxiety, and depression.