Patients with HD had some appreciation of fairness rules, as they tended to reject unfair offers in the UG similar to controls. However, unlike the other two groups, individuals with HD did not punish observed unfairness from a third-party perspective. This lack of "altruistic punishment" was associated with deficits in executive functioning including working memory, inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility, and to a lesser degree with poor "theory of mind." HD seems to be associated with impairments in understanding of more complex rules of social exchange. Aside from deficits in executive functioning, this behavior could, in part, be linked to an inability to experience third-party punishment as rewarding.HD seems to be associated with impairments in understanding of more complex rules of social exchange. Aside from deficits in executive functioning, this behavior could, in part, be linked to an inability to experience third-party punishment as rewarding. Conventional protocols utilize core needle biopsy (CNB) or fine needle aspiration (FNA) to produce cell suspension for flow cytometry (FCM) is a diagnostic challenge for lymphoid malignancies. Selleck Docetaxel We aim to develop an alternative CNB rinsing technique (RT) to produce cell suspension for FCM during this mini-invasive procedure of CNB for lymphoma diagnosis. FNA and CNB specimens from the same lesion of 93 patients with suspected lymphoma were collected under the guidance of B-ultrasound simultaneously. The fresh CNB samples were prepared to cell suspension by RT for FCM immunophenotyping analysis (Group CNB-RT). Then, the CNB tissues after performing the RT process and the fresh FNA tissues were processed by conventional tissue cell suspension (TCS) technique to obtain the cell suspensions (Groups of CNB-TCS & FNA-TCS), respectively, as comparison. The diagnostic efficacies, as well as the concordances of the FCM results with reference to the morphologic diagnoses were compared in these three groups. RT could yield sufficient cells for FCM immunophenotyping analysis, though a lower cell numbers compared to TCS technique. The diagnostic concordance was comparable in group CNB-RT (91.1%) to the group CNB-TCS (88.9%) and group FNA-TCS (88.4%) (p=0.819). The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of CNB-RT (91.1%; 100%) was not inferior to that of CNB-TCS (88.9%; 100%) and FNA-TCS (88.4%; 98.8%). This study shows the CNB-RT presented non-inferior diagnostic concordance and efficacy as compared to the TCS technique. CNB-RT has the potential to produce cell suspension for FCM immunophenotyping while preserving tissue for lymphoma diagnosis and research.This study shows the CNB-RT presented non-inferior diagnostic concordance and efficacy as compared to the TCS technique. CNB-RT has the potential to produce cell suspension for FCM immunophenotyping while preserving tissue for lymphoma diagnosis and research. To compare propofol with placebo in adult ED patients with acute migraine. Primary outcome was headache resolution by 1 h. Secondary outcome was reduction in headache severity by two or more points on a numerical rating scale. Double-blind randomised controlled clinical trial comparing propofol (10 mg/mL) with placebo (20% intralipid). Adults with acute migraine without aura were included. The study drug was administered as an initial dose of 4 mL followed by up to five doses of 2 mL, delivered 5 min apart. Pain scores were taken prior to each dose and further administration was ceased when either the pain score was zero or the maximum dosage reached (140 mg of propofol or 14 mL of 20% intralipid). Of 40 recruited patients, 21 received propofol and 19 placebo. Headache resolution occurred for 5 (24%, 95% CI 13-57) and 6 (32%, 95% CI 13-57) patients, respectively, difference 8% (95% CI -20 to 36). Headache severity reduction by two or more numerical rating scale points was reported by 17 (81%, 95% CI 58-95) and 7 (37%, 95% CI 16-62) patients, respectively, difference 44% (95% CI 17-71). Propofol was not superior to placebo for the primary outcome of early headache resolution. Superiority of propofol for the secondary outcome of headache severity reduction suggests that further research may be warranted.Propofol was not superior to placebo for the primary outcome of early headache resolution. Superiority of propofol for the secondary outcome of headache severity reduction suggests that further research may be warranted. To evaluate the impact of the national lockdown because of the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic towards the ED visits and admission rates in Thailand. We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical database of patients presenting to the ED during the national lockdown period (from 26 March to 30 June 2020). We used the same time interval in the year 2019 as the control period in our analysis. We collected baseline characteristics and outcomes of each patient in the ED. The primary outcome was the incidence rate ratio (IRR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of the average daily ED visits. Secondary outcomes included the IRR with 95% CI of total admissions and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. The average number of daily ED visits decreased significantly from 89.1 to 57.0 (-36.0%, IRR 0.69, 95% CI 0.67-0.70). However, the proportions of 'Resuscitation' and 'Emergency' triage level were increased (29.1% vs 19.2%, P < 0.001). Total ED admission rate and ICU admission rate were also increased (33.5% vs 28.3%, P < 0.001 and 10.2% vs 7.5%, P < 0.001, respectively). The IRR for the admission rate was 1.18 (95% CI 1.11-1.26), and the IRR for the ICU admission rate was 1.35 (95% CI 1.21-1.52). The national lockdown in Thailand was associated with a significant reduction in average daily ED visits across traumatic and non-traumatic patients. Communication from healthcare professionals and public health officers is necessary to reinforce the importance of timely ED visits for acute health conditions.The national lockdown in Thailand was associated with a significant reduction in average daily ED visits across traumatic and non-traumatic patients. Communication from healthcare professionals and public health officers is necessary to reinforce the importance of timely ED visits for acute health conditions.