A genetic basis of congenital isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) can be defined in almost 50% of cases, albeit not necessarily the complete genetic basis. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques have led to the discovery of a great number of loci, each of which has illuminated our understanding of human gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, either in respect of their embryonic development or their neuroendocrine regulation as the "pilot light" of human reproduction. However, because each new gene linked to CHH only seems to underpin another small percentage of total patient cases, we are still far from achieving a comprehensive understanding of the genetic basis of CHH. Patients have generally not benefited from advances in genetics in respect of novel therapies. In most cases, even genetic counselling is limited by issues of apparent variability in expressivity and penetrance that are likely underpinned by oligogenicity in respect of known and unknown genes. Robust genotype-phenotype rrupting neuroendocrine control of GnRH secretion; preventing GnRH neuron migration or function and/or gonadotropin secretion and action.This study aims to identify the core modules associated with pancreatic cancer (PC) types and the ncRNAs and transcription factors (TFs) that regulate core module genes by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). WGCNA was used to analyze the union of genes related to PC in NCBI and OMIM databases and the differentially expressed genes screened by TCGA-PAAD database. Samples were clustered according to gene expression in gene modules and Fisher exact method was performed. GO and KEGG were used for enrichment analysis to visually display module genes and screen driver genes. Hypergeometric test method was used to calculate pivot nodes among ncRNAs, TFs and mRNA based on RAID 2.0 and TRRUST v2 databases. The blue and yellow modules were identified as the core modules associated with PC types. MST1R, TMPRSS, MIR198, SULF1, COL1A1 and FAP were the core genes in the modules. Hypergeometric test results showed that ANCR, miR-3134, MT1DP, LOC154449, LOC28329 and other ncRNAs were key factors driving blue module genes, while LINC-ROR, UCA1, SNORD114-4, HEIH, SNORD114-6 and other ncRNAs were key factors driving yellow module genes. see more TFs with significant regulatory effect on blue module included LCOR, PIAS4, ZEB1, SNAI2, SMARCA4, etc. and on yellow module included HOXC6, PER2, HOXD3, TWIST2, VHL, etc. The core modules associated with PC types were proved as yellow and blue modules, and important ncRNAs and TFs regulating yellow and blue modules were found. This study provides relevant evidence for further identification of PC types.PURPOSE OF REVIEW Migraine headaches are a neurologic disorder characterized by attacks of moderate to severe throbbing headache that are typically unilateral, exacerbated by physical activity, and associated with phonophobia, photophobia, nausea, and vomiting. In the USA, the overall age-adjusted prevalence of migraine in female and male adults is 22.3% and 10.8%, respectively. RECENT FINDINGS Migraine is a disabling disease that ranks as the 8th most burdensome disease in the world and the 4th most in women. The overarching hypothesis of migraine pathophysiology describes migraine as a disorder of the pain modulating system, caused by disruptions of the normal neural networks of the head. The activation of these vascular networks results in meningeal vasodilation and inflammation, which is perceived as head pain. The primary goals of acute migraine therapy are to reduce attack duration and severity. Current evidence-based therapies for acute migraine attacks include acetaminophen, four nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), seven triptans, NSAID-triptan combinations, dihydroergotamine, non-opioid combination analgesics, and several anti-emetics. Over-the-counter medications are an important component of migraine therapy and are considered a first-line therapy for most migraineurs. These medications, such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen, and aspirin, have shown strong efficacy when used as first-line treatments for mild-to-moderate migraine attacks. The lower cost of over-the-counter medications compared with prescription medications also makes them a preferred therapy for some patients. In addition to their efficacy and lower cost, over-the-counter medications generally have fewer and less severe adverse effects, have more favorable routes of administration (oral vs. subcutaneous injection), and reduced abuse potential. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive evidence-based update of over-the-counter pharmacologic options for chronic migraines.OBJECTIVE Septal deviation is an important cause of impaired nasal breathing among pediatric patients. A widespread solution to septal deviation is septoplasty. However, there are certain controversies surrounding the effect of this technique on pediatric patients and its influence on the growth centers of the nose. The objective of this review is to study if there is a strong and valid evidence in the literature that supports a detrimental effect of pediatric septo- and rhinoseptoplasty in facial growth DATA SOURCES Pubmed (Medline), the Cochrane Library, EMBASE and Trip Database. REVIEW METHODS The outcome assessed was the midfacial growth after pediatric septoplasty. RESULTS Eight publications met the inclusion criteria. None found major disturbances in facial growth. Only minor nasal anomalies were reported by 4 authors. CONCLUSION Septoplasty in pediatric patients does not seem to affect midfacial growth according to available evidence. However, due to their design, the degree of recommendation of these studies was not superior to level C.PURPOSE We aim to propose a new protocol for olfaction rehabilitation after total laryngectomy based on training of sensory perception levels using the Nasal Airflow-Inducing Maneuver. METHODS This is a randomized clinical trial including patients undergoing total laryngectomy between March 2010 and March 2019. Patients with nasal or oral abnormalities, prior olfaction impairment, a muco-ciliary transport time higher than 30 min, positive history for feeding, and neurological disorders were excluded. Thirty-three patients were enrolled and were randomized into two groups an Experimental group, submitted to the new protocol (olfactory perception rehabilitation after total laryngectomy-OPRAT) and a Control group that did not receive any treatment. Subjective Olfactometry, Chemosensory Complaints Score, and University of Washington Quality of Life version 4 questionnaires were used to assess the outcomes before and after treatment, and at 3-month, 6-month, and 10-month follow-up. RESULTS Among the 33 patients included (32 men and 1 woman; mean age, 67.