riers. © 2020 The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences.PURPOSE We sought to provide a new classification system for Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) according to type and angle of strabismus during primary gaze and to analyze the clinical features of each DRS type. CC-930 METHODS The medical records of 65 DRS patients who visited the department of pediatric ophthalmology at Seoul National University Children's Hospital between 2010 and 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients whose angle of exotropia at primary gaze exceeded 3 prism diopters (PDs) were classified as "Exo-Duane," those whose angle of strabismus at primary gaze did not exceed 3 PDs were classified as "Ortho-Duane," and those whose angle of esotropia at primary gaze exceeded 3 PDs were classified as "Eso-Duane." RESULTS Among 65 DRS patients, Ortho-Duane was the most common (53.8%) type, followed by Eso-Duane (33.8%) and Exo-Duane (12.3%). The mean age at diagnosis was significantly higher in the Exo-Duane group than the Ortho-Duane or Eso-Duane group (p = 0.003 and p less then 0.001, respectively). A predominance of left eye involvement was observed in the Ortho-Duane (62.9%) and Eso-Duane (90.9%) groups. The frequencies of upshoot, downshoot, fissure narrowing, and globe retraction were not significantly different among the subgroups. Head-turn was more frequent in Eso-Duane patients than in Exo-Duane or Ortho-Duane patients (p = 0.001 and p less then 0.001, respectively). Myopia accounted for the most common refractive error among Exo-Duane patients (71.4%), while hyperopia was found more often in both Ortho-Duane (64.7%) and Eso-Duane (85.0%) patients. The majority of patients showed gross stereoacuity (93.1%), and a large proportion had good stereoacuity (Exo-Duane 60.0%, Ortho-Duane 81.3%, Eso-Duane 87.5%). CONCLUSIONS Our newly proposed classification of DRS according to type and angle of strabismus at primary gaze was practically useful and showed potential for use as an objective guideline in the clinical setting. © 2020 The Korean Ophthalmological Society.PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) associated with intravitreal ranibizumab in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS This nationwide retrospective case-crossover study using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database included patients diagnosed with exudative AMD using the registration code for exudative AMD (V201) from 2009 to 2014. We identified all incident AMI cases among these exudative AMD cases from inpatient claims and defined the index date as the date of hospitalization. For each patient, we defined the case period as one to 60 days and four control periods as 121 to 180, 181 to 240, 241 to 300, and 301 to 361 days, respectively, before the index date. A prescription of ranibizumab was searched for during the case and control periods. We calculated the adjusted odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals using a conditional logistic regression model. RESULTS From a cohort of patients with exudative AMD (n = 41,860), a total of 181 AMI patients with exudative AMD were included. Among all the patients, 11.05% were treated during the 2 months preceding the index date as compared with 8.29% to 9.39% treated during control periods. The adjusted odds ratio of AMI associated with intravitreal ranibizumab during the preceding 2 months was 1.22 (95% confidence interval, 0.673-2.213; p = 0.5124). Analyses based on case periods of 15 days and 1 month yielded similar results. CONCLUSIONS Intravitreal ranibizumab injection does not appear to increase the risk of hospitalization for AMI within 60 days in exudative AMD patients. © 2020 The Korean Ophthalmological Society.PURPOSE We aimed to determine the long-term motor and sensory outcomes of patients with infantile exotropia. METHODS In this longitudinal retrospective (historical cohort) study, the records of 76 patients with infantile exotropia were Studied. Subjects with constant exotropia manifesting before the age of 1 year who were at least 5 years old at recruitment time between 2008 and 2017 were included. RESULTS The medical records of 26 patients were excluded due to not participating in follow-up examinations or having incomplete records. In total, 54 infantile exotropic patients (51.9% male) with a mean age of 11.1 ± 6.8 years and follow-up of 4.99 ± 3.58 years were studied. Postoperative sensory outcomes (central stereopsis [3,000 sec/arc]) were observed in 38.9%, 38.9%, and 21.2% of patients, respectively. In terms of postoperative motor outcomes, 69%, 24%, and 7% were achieved as orthophoria, residual exotropia, and consecutive esotropia, respectively. Patients with a higher surgical age (p = 0.022) and better visual acuity (p = 0.004) had significantly better sensory outcomes, while higher preoperative deviation resulted in more suppression (p = 0.039, rs = 0.218). CONCLUSIONS With rates of 69% for motor success and 78.8% for sensory success, surgical outcomes of infantile exotropic patients seems to be favorable. Further studies are recommended to verify our findings. © 2020 The Korean Ophthalmological Society.PURPOSE We report the clinical outcomes of retinal capillary hemangioma (RCH) after the application of various treatments. METHODS We performed a retrospective chart analysis of eight eyes treated for RCH between August 2009 and January 2018. During the follow-up period, the status and progression of the RCHs were checked by fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography, and additional treatments were applied when necessary. RESULTS Three of the five patients had bilateral RCH, and two had unilateral RCH. Six eyes received laser photocoagulation; two eyes received cryotherapy, and one eye received intravitreal Avastin injection. Three eyes each had intravitreal triamcinolone injection, subtenon triamcinolone injection, and intravitreal dexamethasone injection to control inflammation. Also, two patients took oral prednisolone, and one patient used prednisolone eye drops to control inflammation. Two eyes underwent vitrectomy and scleral buckling due to deterioration of the epiretinal membrane and vitreal traction, respectively.