6%, respectively) measured with 50%, 80% and 100% obstruction of the portal vein section results in a decrease of liver stiffness by 0.8% ± 0.1%, 7.7% ± 0.4% and 12.3% ± 0.9%, respectively. While this vascular mechanism does not have sufficient influence on the elasticity of the liver to modify the diagnosis of severe fibrosis or cirrhosis (F4 METAVIR grade), it may be sufficient to attenuate the increase in stiffness due to moderate fibrosis (F2-F3 METAVIR grades) and consequently lead to false-negative diagnoses with elastography in the presence of PVT. Studies describing the clinical progression of animals with reverse patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) are lacking. To describe the signalment, presenting signs, echocardiographic features, and survival in a group of dogs and cats with bidirectional and continuous right-to-left PDA. Forty-six client-owned animals included, comprising 43 dogs and 3 cats with bidirectional or continuous right-to-left PDA. Retrospective multicenter study. Medical records and echocardiographic findings reviewed from animals diagnosed with bidirectional or continuous right-to-left PDA. TEPP-46 solubility dmso Impact of ductal morphology, spectral Doppler flow profile, PCV, sildenafil treatment at presentation, sildenafil dose, severity of pulmonary hypertension, general anesthesia with or without surgery and the presence of right-sided congestive heart failure (R-CHF) on crude mortality rate were evaluated via Mantel-Cox log rank comparison of Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis was performed, and hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence intervals [CI]) was presented. Hindlimb collapse was the most common presenting sign in dogs (n = 16). Clinical signs in cats were variable. Median survival time was 626 days in dogs (range 1-3628 days). Dogs with R-CHF had a shorter median survival time (58 days vs 1839 days, P = .03). Dogs treated with sildenafil at initial presentation survived longer (1839 days vs 302 days, P = .03), which was the only independent predictor of survival (HR 0.35, CI 0.15-0.86, P = 0.021). Dogs and cats with reverse PDA have a variable clinical presentation and prognosis. Survival time was longer in animals prescribed sildenafil at diagnosis. Dogs with R-CHF at presentation have a worse overall outcome.Dogs and cats with reverse PDA have a variable clinical presentation and prognosis. Survival time was longer in animals prescribed sildenafil at diagnosis. Dogs with R-CHF at presentation have a worse overall outcome. Pregnancy toxemia is a common metabolic disease of periparturient small ruminants. Information on its effects on metabolism and perinatal adaptation of newborn lambs and kids is lacking. Evaluate differences in morbidity, mortality, and common biochemical and hematologic variables between pregnancy toxemia kids (PT) and control kids (CON). Sixteen kids born to does being treated at the hospital for pregnancy toxemia (blood beta-hydroxybutyrate concentration [BHB] > 1.2 mmol/L) and 12 kids from healthy dams (dam BHB < 1.2 mmol/L) that kidded at the hospital. In this cohort study, serial measurements of blood L-lactate, glucose, and BHB concentrations, arterial blood gases, hematocrit, total protein concentrations, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) concentrations, and body weight were compared between groups over the first 72 hours of life. Long-term follow-up was performed after 3 months. Pregnancy toxemia kids were more likely to require tube feeding at 0 and 12 hours (relative risk 7.7 [1.13, 52.45] and 2.8 [1.39, 5.65]). Pregnancy toxemia kids were more acidemic (7.26 ± 0.069 vs 7.34 ± 0.079, P = .003) and hyperlactatemic (8.17 ± 2.57 vs 5.48 ± 2.71, P = .003) at birth than CON kids. Control kids were 1.1 [1.01, 1.77] times more likely to survive to discharge and 2.2 [1.15, 4.20] times more likely to survive to 3 months than PT kids. Pregnancy toxemia kids had higher short- and long-term mortality and were more likely to require perinatal intervention. Weight loss in the first few days could be a useful predictor of nonsurvival.Pregnancy toxemia kids had higher short- and long-term mortality and were more likely to require perinatal intervention. Weight loss in the first few days could be a useful predictor of nonsurvival. Establishing the prevalence of inappropriate sexual behaviour, concurrent challenging behaviours and the determinants of inappropriate sexual behaviour among patients with acquired brain injury ≤65years of age in Dutch nursing homes. Cross-sectional, observational study in acquired brain injury special care units spreads throughout the country. Nursing homes were recruited through the national expertise network for patients with severe acquired brain injury, regional brain injury teams and by searching the Internet. Patient characteristics were collected through digital questionnaires. Inappropriate sexual behaviour was assessed with the St. Andrews Sexual Behaviour Assessment, concurrent challenging behaviours with the NeuroPsychiatric Inventory-Nursing Home Version and the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory, cognition with the Mini-Mental State Examination and activities of daily living with the Disability Rating Scale. Psychotropic drug use was retrieved from the electronic prescription system. Asso and concurrent challenging behaviours, sexuality and quality of life could give direction to the kind of interventions and education that is needed. The ultimate goal is to develop appropriate care for this vulnerable group of patients, specifically psychosocial interventions and appropriate use of psychotropic drugs.Inappropriate sexual behaviour may have impact not only on the patients themselves but also on nursing staff. Insight into the magnitude, severity, course and concurrent challenging behaviours, sexuality and quality of life could give direction to the kind of interventions and education that is needed. The ultimate goal is to develop appropriate care for this vulnerable group of patients, specifically psychosocial interventions and appropriate use of psychotropic drugs.