05). Results of binary logistic regression analyses showed that CD4+/CD8+ ratio ⩾1.725 and prior stroke were predictors and risk factors of plaque instability (p less then 0.05). ROC analyses showed that CD4+/CD8+ ratio ⩾1.725 was predictive of plaque instability in UAP patients. However, the Kaplan-Meier estimate for MACE and all-cause mortality showed no statistical significance. Conclusions Higher CD4+/CD8+ ratio is associated with higher risk of plaque instability in our cohort of UAP patients. However, CD4+/CD8+ ratio was not an independent predictor of 1-year MACE or all-cause mortality.Conventional oxygen therapy (COT) and noninvasive ventilation (NIV) have been considered for decades as frontline treatment for acute or chronic respiratory failure. However, COT can be insufficient in severe hypoxaemia whereas NIV, although highly effective, is poorly tolerated by patients and its use requires a specific expertise. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is an emerging technique, designed to provide oxygen at high flows with an optimal degree of heat and humidification, which is well tolerated and easy to use in all clinical settings. Physiologically, HFNC reduces the anatomical dead space and improves carbon dioxide wash-out, reduces the work of breathing, and generates a positive end-expiratory pressure and a constant fraction of inspired oxygen. Clinically, HFNC effectively reduces dyspnoea and improves oxygenation in respiratory failure from a variety of aetiologies, thus avoiding escalation to more invasive supports. In recent years it has been adopted to treat de novo hypoxaemic respiratory failure, exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), postintubation hypoxaemia and used for palliative respiratory care. While the use of HFNC in acute respiratory failure is now routine as an alternative to COT and sometimes NIV, new potential applications in patients with chronic respiratory diseases (e.g. domiciliary treatment of patients with stable COPD), are currently under evaluation and will become a topic of great interest in the coming years.Objectives The in vivo efficacy of nanoliposomal formulation of vancomycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) assessed. Materials and methods Nanoliposomal formulations were prepared and characterized. The in vivo study was carried out on rabbits which received liquid culture medium containing MRSA under anesthesia. After 48 hr, the eyes treated with the liposomal and free form of vancomycin. The rabbits were euthanized at predesignate intervals at 12, 24, 48, 96, 144 hr intervals injection. The antibacterial activity of different vancomycin formulations was assayed by the time killing method. Results The zeta potential, mean sizes and encapsulation efficacy of liposomal vancomycin were 29.7 mV, 381.93±30.13 nm and 47%, respectively. The results of time-killing studies indicated that the liposomal formula was more effective than the free form of vancomycin. Conclusion The results of this study revealed that liposomal vancomycin formulation is a powerful nano-antibacterial agent to combat infectious endophthalmitis.Objectives Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), with suitable and easy access, are multipotential cells that have the ability for differentiation into other mesodermal and transdifferentiate into neural phenotype cells. In this study, Lithium chloride (LiCl) was used for in vitro transdifferentiation of rat ADSCs into neuron-like cells (NLCs). Materials and methods ADSCs were isolated from the rats' perinephric region using Dulbecco΄s Modified Eagle΄s Medium (DMEM) with Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), cultured for 3 passages, characterized by flowcytometry and differentiation into adipogenic and osteogenic phenotypes. The ADSCs were exposed to 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 5, and 10 millimolar (mM) LiCl without serum for 24 hr. The optimum dose of LiCl was selected according the maximum viability of cells. The expression of neurofilament light chain (NfL), neurofilament high chain (NfH), and nestin was evaluated by immunocytochemistry. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to evaluate the amount of synaptophysin, neurogenin-1, neuroD1, NfL, NfH, and nestin genes' expression in ADSCs and NLCs. Results The optimum dose of LiCl was 1 mM in 24 hr. The transdifferentiated ADSCs showed cytoplasmic extension with synapse-like formation. Synaptophysin, neurogenin-1, neuroD1, NfL, NfH, and nestin genes were significantly expressed more in NLCs than in ADSCs. Conclusion LiCl can induce ADSCs into neural phenotype cells with higher expression of neural and neuronal genes.Objectives Malaria is an important parasitic disease with high morbidity and mortality in tropical areas. Resistance to most antimalarial drugs has encouraged the development of new drugs including natural products. Venom is a complex mixture of active pharmaceutical ingredients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimalarial activity of purified fractions of Naja naja oxiana. Materials and methods Lyophilized venom was purified with a Sephacryl S-200 HR column and the fractions lyophilized and inhibitory concentration 50% against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 in vitro obtained. The 4th fraction was run on a Mono Q column, and activity against P. falciparum was detected by lactate dehydrogenase assay and purity by SDS PAGE. Large scale culture of the parasite was carried out with and without the active fraction on the ring stage for 48 hr. The parasites were collected and lyophilized and analyzed by 1HNMR. 17-OH PREG Chemometrics studies were performed using MATLAB, differentiating metabolites were identified by Human Metabolic Database, and metabolic pathways by the Metaboanalyst online package. Results The active fraction from the ion exchange column had a 50% inhibitory concentration of 0.026 µg/ml on P. falciparum in vitro (P less then 0.001) with molecular weight of 63 kDa by SDS-PAGE and no hemolytic activity. Metabolomics studies on the two groups with and without the fraction identified 5 differentiating metabolites and a number of related pathways. Conclusion The metabolites were succinic acid, l-glutamic acid, pyruvic acid, cholesterol, and NAD. The changes in the Krebs cycle and metabolism pathways of nicotinamide and pyruvate were noticeable.