Due to recent advances in nanofabrication, phase-change condensation heat transfer has seen a renaissance. Compared to conventional heat transfer surfaces, nanostructured surfaces impregnated with chemically matched lubrication films (hereinafter referred to as "nanostructured lubricated surfaces") have been demonstrated to improve vapor-side phase-change condensation heat transfer by facilitating droplet nucleation, growth, and departure. While the presence of nanoscale roughness improves performance longevity by stabilizing the lubrication film via capillary forces, such enhancement is short-lived due to the eventual loss of lubrication oil by the departing droplets. The objective of this study is to characterize oil depletion caused by pendant droplets during condensation. For our study, we nanostructured, chemically functionalized, and lubricated horizontal copper tubes that are widely used in shell-and-tube heat exchangers in power plants and process industries. Using high-speed fluorescence imaging and cant. Furthermore, we show that due to the nanoscale features on the tubes, nearly half of the lubrication film remains on the surface after 10 h of continuous steam condensation at ambient pressure, 23 °C, and 60% relative humidity, a 2-3-fold improvement over previous results.The insights gained from this work will provide guidelines for the rational design of long-lasting nanostructured lubricated surfaces for phase-change condensation.Reference standardization was developed to address quantification and harmonization challenges for high-resolution metabolomics (HRM) data collected across different studies or analytical methods. Reference standardization relies on the concurrent analysis of calibrated pooled reference samples at predefined intervals and enables a single-step batch correction and quantification for high-throughput metabolomics. Here, we provide quantitative measures of approximately 200 metabolites for each of three pooled reference materials (220 metabolites for Qstd3, 211 metabolites for CHEAR, 204 metabolites for NIST1950) and show application of this approach for quantification supports harmonization of metabolomics data collected from 3677 human samples in 17 separate studies analyzed by two complementary HRM methods over a 17-month period. The results establish reference standardization as a method suitable for harmonizing large-scale metabolomics data and extending capabilities to quantify large numbers of known and unidentified metabolites detected by high-resolution mass spectrometry methods.Water electrocatalytic splitting is considered as an ideal process for generating H2 without byproducts. However, in the water-splitting reaction, a high overpotential is needed to overcome the high-energy barrier due to the slow kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this study, we selected the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) oxidation reaction, which is thermodynamically favored, to replace the OER in the water-splitting process. We fabricated three-dimensional hybrid electrocatalytic electrodes via layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly for simultaneous HMF conversion and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) to investigate the effect of the nanoarchitecture of the electrode on the electrocatalytic activity. Nanosized graphene oxide was used as a negatively charged building block for LbL assembly to immobilize the two electroactive components positively charged Au and Pd nanoparticles (NPs). The internal architecture of the LbL-assembled multilayer electrodes could be precisely controlled and their electrocatalytic performance could be modified by changing the nanoarchitecture of the electrode, including the thickness and position of the metal NPs. Even with a composition of the identical constituent NPs, the electrodes exhibited highly tunable electrocatalytic performance depending on the reaction kinetics as well as a diffusion-controlled process due to the sequential HMF oxidation and the HER. Furthermore, a bifunctional two-electrode electrolyzer for both the anodic HMF oxidation and the cathodic HER, which had an optimized LbL-assembled electrode for each reaction, exhibited the best full-cell electrocatalytic activity.Existing clinical cell therapies, which rely on the use of biological functionalities of living cells, can be further enhanced by conjugating functional particles to the cells to form cell-particle complexes. TPI-1 clinical trial Disk-shaped microparticles produced by the top-down microfabrication approach possess unique advantages for this application. However, none of the current mechanisms for conjugating the microfabricated microparticles to the cells are principally applicable to all types of cells with therapeutic potentials. On the other hand, membrane intercalation is a well-established mechanism for attaching fluorescent molecules to living cells or for immobilizing cells on a solid surface. This paper reports a study on conjugating disk-shaped microparticles, referred to as micropatches, to living cells through membrane intercalation for the first time. The procedure for producing the cell-micropatch complexes features an unprecedented integration of microcontact printing of micropatches, end-grafting of linear molecules of octadecyl chain and poly(ethylene glycol) to the printed micropatches, and use of gelatin as a temperature-sensitive sacrificial layer to allow the formation and subsequent release of the cell-micropatch complexes. Complexes composed of mouse neuroblastoma cells were found to be stable in vitro, and the micropatch-bound cells were viable, proliferative, and differentiable. Moreover, complexes composed of four other types of cells were produced. The membrane-intercalation mechanism and the corresponding fabrication technique developed in this study are potentially applicable to a wide range of therapeutic cells and thus promise to be useful for developing new cell therapies enhanced by the disk-shaped microparticles.The electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), as a promising route for hydrogen production, demands efficient and robust noble-metal-free catalysts. Doping foreign atoms into an efficient catalyst such as CoSe2 could further enhance its activity toward the HER. Herein, we developed a solvothermal ion exchange approach to doping S into CoSe2 nanosheets (NSs). We provide a combined experimental and theoretical investigation to establish the obtained S-doped CoSe2 (S-CoSe2) nanoporous NSs as highly efficient and Earth-abundant catalysts for the HER. The optimal S-CoSe2 catalyst delivers a catalytic current density of 10 mA·cm-2 for the HER at an overpotential of only 88 mV, demonstrating that S-CoSe2 is one of the most efficient CoSe- and CoS-based catalysts for the HER. We performed density functional theory (DFT) calculations to determine the stable structural configurations of S-CoSe2, and on the basis of which, we calculated the hydrogen adsorption Gibbs free energy (ΔGH) on CoSe2, CoS2, and the S-CoSe2 and the barrier energies of the rate-determining step of the HER on S-CoSe2.