ype of health coverage are capturing the income factor, since higher income individuals will be more likely to be treated in the private system. Olive tree (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea, Oleaceae) has been the most emblematic perennial crop for Mediterranean countries since its domestication around 6000 years ago in the Levant. Two taxonomic varieties are currently recognized cultivated (var. europaea) and wild (var. sylvestris) trees. However, it remains unclear whether olive cultivars derive from a single initial domestication event followed by secondary diversification, or whether cultivated lineages are the result of more than a single, independent primary domestication event. To shed light into the recent evolution and domestication of the olive tree, here we analyze a group of newly sequenced and available genomes using a phylogenomics and population genomics framework. We improved the assembly and annotation of the reference genome, newly sequenced the genomes of twelve individuals ten var. europaea, one var. sylvestris, and one outgroup taxon (subsp. cuspidata)-and assembled a dataset comprising whole genome data from 46 var. PF07265028 europaea ous secondary events across most countries of southern Europe and northern Africa, often involving genetic admixture with genetically rich wild populations, particularly from the western Mediterranean Basin.Altogether, our results suggest that a primary domestication area in the eastern Mediterranean basin was followed by numerous secondary events across most countries of southern Europe and northern Africa, often involving genetic admixture with genetically rich wild populations, particularly from the western Mediterranean Basin. Costa Rica, similar to many other Latin American countries is undergoing population aging at a fast pace. As a result of the epidemiological transition, the prevalence of diabetes has increased. This condition impacts not only individual lives, but also the healthcare system. The goal of this study is to examine the expected impact of diabetes, in terms of economic costs on the healthcare system and lives lost. We will also project how long it will take for the number of elderly individuals who are diabetic to double in Costa Rica. CRELES (Costa Rican Longevity and Healthy Aging Study), a three-wave nationally representative longitudinal study, is the main source of data for this research (n= 2827). The projected impact of diabetes was estimated in three ways length of time for the number of elderly individuals with diabetes to double; projected economic costs of diabetes-related hospitalizations and outpatient care; and years of life lost to diabetes at age 60. Data analyses and estimations used multipleing cohorts. Health promotion and prevention strategies that reduce diabetes risk factors are needed to improve the health of elderly populations.Population aging will inevitably lead to an increasing number of elderly individuals, who are at greater risk for diabetes due to their lifelong exposure to risk factors. Actions to increase the quality of life of diabetic elderly are warranted. Decreasing the burden of diabetes on elderly populations and the Costa Rican healthcare system are necessary to impact the quantity and quality of life of incoming cohorts. Health promotion and prevention strategies that reduce diabetes risk factors are needed to improve the health of elderly populations. Neuroinflammation mediated by microglia plays a central role in the pathogenesis of perinatal/neonatal brain injury, including cerebral palsy (CP). Therapeutics mitigating neuroinflammation potentially provide an effective strategy to slow the disease progression and rescue normal brain development. Building on our prior results which showed that a generation-4 hydroxyl poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer could deliver drugs specifically to activated glia from systemic circulation, we evaluated the sustained efficacy of a generation-6 (G6) hydroxyl-terminated PAMAM dendrimer that showed a longer blood circulation time and increased brain accumulation. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent that has high plasma protein binding properties and poor brain penetration, was conjugated to G6-PAMAM dendrimer-NAC (G6D-NAC). The efficacy of microglia-targeted G6D-NAC conjugate was evaluated in a clinically relevant rabbit model of CP, with a mild/moderate CP phenotype to provide a longeralthy control levels at least up to 15 days after birth (PND15), while CP kits treated with free NAC died before PND9. Targeted delivery of therapeutics to activated microglia in neonatal brain injury can ameliorate pro-inflammatory microglial responses to injury, promote survival rate, and improve neurological outcomes that can be sustained for a long period. Appropriate manipulation of activated microglia enabled by G6D-NAC can impact the injury significantly beyond inflammation.Targeted delivery of therapeutics to activated microglia in neonatal brain injury can ameliorate pro-inflammatory microglial responses to injury, promote survival rate, and improve neurological outcomes that can be sustained for a long period. Appropriate manipulation of activated microglia enabled by G6D-NAC can impact the injury significantly beyond inflammation. People living a trans-life require access to equitable healthcare services, policies and research that address their needs. However, trans people have experienced different forms of violence, discrimination, stigma, and unfair access barriers when dealing with healthcare providers. Therefore, adapting sexual and reproductive health services with the purpose of providing more equitable, inclusive and discrimination-free healthcare services is an urgent need. The article presents an example of how operative research can be used in order to adjust sexual and reproductive healthcare services to trans people's needs, identities and circumstances. This is a qualitative study written from a constructivist perspective, and it is based on the voices and experiences of trans people in four major cities in Colombia. The research used a combination of focus groups of discussion (n = 6) and in-depth interviews with trans people (n = 13) in Barranquilla, Bogota, Cali and Medellin. This research had two specific objectives i) identifying the main sexual and reproductive health needs of people living a trans-life; and ii) generating new evidence in order to guide the adaptation of sexual and reproductive health services centered to trans people's needs, identities, and circumstances.