Particularly, when the two types of natural colloids copresent in MPs suspensions, MPs transport behaviors were similar to those with only bentonite present in MPs suspensions at low IS, while MPs transport was greatly increased at high IS comparing with those only with bentonite in suspensions. Clearly, without HA in suspensions, bentonite played the dominant role on MPs transport under all examined conditions concerned in this study. Instead, when both HA and bentonite copresent in MPs suspensions, MPs transport was mainly controlled by bentonite at low IS, while both bentonite and HA had major contributions at high IS. The results showed that under solution conditions concerned in present study, MPs mobility in porous media would be greatly affected (either enhanced or inhibited) by the two types of natural colloids.In recent years, anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic waste has raised as a winning strategy to produce energy and organic fertilizer. Rigosertib To optimize such a technology, mass balance is needed to model or simply monitor the process. This paper describes a theoretical framework allowing process indicators to be derived from estimates of organic waste elemental composition. Using a database of 128 typical feedstocks, semi-empirical equations are provided to estimate this elemental composition in case of a missing analysis. Then, a revised stoichiometric reaction of anaerobic digestion is proposed considering biomass yield and nitrogen. Biomass yield induces a more accurate estimation of the ammonia production and the volatile solids (VS) loss. The stoichiometric reaction allows the prediction of biogaz quality and mass loss and a correction factor for VS removal is proposed. The use of real case studies highlights the need to consider this correction (correction factor range 1.01-1.2), especially for dry AD.The concern over the damaging effects of petrochemical plastics has inspired innumerable researchers to synthesize green plastics. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are promising candidates as they are biodegradable and possess characteristics similar to conventional plastics. However, their large-scale production and market application still have a long way to go due to the high production cost associated. Approaches like using industrial wastes as substrates and developing green strategies for PHA extraction during downstream processing have been investigated to make the process more economical. Recently, PHA production cost was minimized by concomitant synthesis of other valuable bioproducts with PHA. Investigating these co-products and recovering them can also make the process circular bioeconomic. Therefore, the paper attempts to review the recent strategies for the simultaneous synthesis of value-added bioproducts with PHA together with the challenges and opportunities for their large-scale production and applications.This study comprehensively explored underlying mechanism of fed-batch culture on product biosynthesis in Chromochloris zofingiensis by dynamic model, targeted metabolite determination, enzyme activity analysis, and 13C tracer-based metabolic flux analysis. Based on dynamic models of cell growth and product formation, exponential fed-batch culture and fed-batch culture based on pH changes were established to increase biomass concentration by 20.05-fold and 18.28-fold, respectively. Exponential fed-batch culture exhibited great potentials in biodiesel and protein productions from microalgae. Systematic metabolic tools revealed fed-batch culture limited photosynthetic efficiency by inhibiting photosystem and Rubisco activity, while strengthened respiratory action to provide more substances and energy for product biosynthesis. Fed-batch culture elevated biosynthetic capability for carotenoid and lipid by promoting related metabolic flux and contents of pyruvate and ace-CoA. Finally, economic analysis revealed biomass cost was decreased to 1.99 $/kg from 2.39 $/kg, suggesting fed-batch culture was a cost-effective strategy to improve economic viability of microalgal production.The aims of this study were to identify the driving factors of humic acid (HA) during rice straw composting based on Fenton pretreatment with bacterial inoculation. Rice straw was pretreated by Fenton reactions and then inoculated during composting, which was set up CK (control), FeW (Fenton pretreatment) and FeWI (Fenton pretreatment + functional bacterial agents). Results indicated that Fenton pretreatment and inoculation of functional bacteria increased the concentration of HA components, which was due to that bacterial composition was changed and bacterial diversity was decreased. Moreover, Fenton pretreatment and inoculation of functional bacteria increased the bacterial amounts of shikimic acid metabolism genes and the correlation between HA components and shikimic acid metabolism genes. Therefore, the functional bacteria were core driving factors, and NH4--N, pH, cellulose and bacterial diversity as key environmental factors to promote the formation of HA components.In this work, Enteromorpha prolifera derived magnetic biochar (MBC) is prepared for the removal of butachlor (BTR) and characterized. The NaOH added during the magnetic loading process has an activating effect and enhancing the accessibility of the pores. Based on the BET result, the importance of pore accessibility rather than the specific surface area has been proposed. The maximum adsorption capacity of BTR for MBC is 158.5 mg/g. Then, the batch experiment shows that the adsorption of MBC to BTR fitted with the quasi-second-order kinetic model. The effect factors on the BTR removal were studied. Through the result of BET, Raman, XPS and FT-IR, the mechanism of MBC adsorption of butachlor was explored. After 3 cycles, the prepared MBC has a negligible reduction in the removal capacity of BTR, which provides a reference scheme for the large-scale application of Enteromorpha prolifera and the water treatment of BTR.In this study, two carotenoid-rich strains of the euryhaline microalga Tetraselmis striata CTP4 were isolated by random mutagenesis combined with selection via fluorescence activated cell sorting and growth on norflurazon. Both strains, ED5 and B11, showed an up to 1.5-fold increase in carotenoid contents as compared with the wildtype, independent of the growth conditions. More specifically, violaxanthin, β-carotene and lutein contents reached as high as 1.63, 4.20 and 3.81 mg g-1 DW, respectively. Genes coding for phytoene synthase, phytoene desaturase, lycopene-β-cyclase and ε-ring hydroxylase involved in carotenoid biosynthesis were found to be upregulated in ED5 and B11 cells as compared to the wildtype. Both strains showed higher contents of eicosapentaenoic acid as compared with those of the wildtype, reaching up to 4.41 and 2.88 mg g-1 DW, respectively. Overall, these results highlight the complexity of changes in carotenoid biosynthesis regulation that are required to improve pigment contents in microalgae.