Because of the large size and range of variation in genome size in salamanders, we hypothesize that this relationship uncouples a dynamic interaction between growth and differentiation in processes of morphogenesis, pattern formation, and regeneration in ways that are unique among vertebrates.NH4+ ions as charge carriers show potential for aqueous rechargeable batteries. Studied here for the first time is the NH4+ -storage chemistry using electrodeposited manganese oxide (MnOx ). MnOx experiences morphology and phase transformations during charge/discharge in dilute ammonium acetate (NH4 Ac) electrolyte. The NH4 Ac concentration plays an important role in NH4+ storage for MnOx . The transformed MnOx with a layered structure delivers a high specific capacity (176 mAh g-1 ) at a current density of 0.5 A g-1 , and exhibits good cycling stability over 10 000 cycles in 0.5 M NH4 Ac, outperforming the state-of-the-art NH4+ hosting materials. Experimental results suggest a solid-solution behavior associated with NH4+ migration in layered MnOx . Spectroscopy studies and theoretical calculations show that the reversible NH4+ insertion/deinsertion is accompanied by hydrogen-bond formation/breaking between NH4+ and the MnOx layers. These findings provide a new prototype (i.e., layered MnOx ) for NH4+ -based energy storage and contributes to the fundamental understanding of the NH4+ -storage mechanism for metal oxides.DNA nanotechnology offers a versatile toolbox for precise spatial and temporal manipulation of matter on the nanoscale. However, rendering DNA-based systems responsive to light has remained challenging. selleck products Herein, we describe the remote manipulation of native (non-photoresponsive) chiral plasmonic molecules (CPMs) using light. Our strategy is based on the use of a photoresponsive medium comprising a merocyanine-based photoacid. Upon exposure to visible light, the medium decreases its pH, inducing the formation of DNA triplex links, leading to a spatial reconfiguration of the CPMs. The process can be reversed simply by turning the light off and it can be repeated for multiple cycles. The degree of the overall chirality change in an ensemble of CPMs depends on the CPM fraction undergoing reconfiguration, which, remarkably, depends on and can be tuned by the intensity of incident light. Such a dynamic, remotely controlled system could aid in further advancing DNA-based devices and nanomaterials.We investigate high-valent oxygen redox in the positive Na-ion electrode P2-Na0.67-x [Fe0.5 Mn0.5 ]O2 (NMF) where Fe is partially substituted with Cu (P2-Na0.67-x [Mn0.66 Fe0.20 Cu0.14 ]O2 , NMFC) or Ni (P2-Na0.67-x [Mn0.65 Fe0.20 Ni0.15 ]O2 , NMFN). From combined analysis of resonant inelastic X-ray scattering and X-ray near-edge structure with electrochemical voltage hysteresis and X-ray pair distribution function profiles, we correlate structural disorder with high-valent oxygen redox and its improvement by Ni or Cu substitution. Density of states calculations elaborate considerable anionic redox in NMF and NMFC without the widely accepted requirement of an A-O-A' local configuration in the pristine materials (where A=Na and A'=Li, Mg, vacancy, etc.). We also show that the Jahn-Teller nature of Fe4+ and the stabilization mechanism of anionic redox could determine the extent of structural disorder in the materials. These findings shed light on the design principles in TM and anion redox for positive electrodes to improve the performance of Na-ion batteries. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of beneficial micro-organisms on the growth, nutrient accumulation and root-associated fungal species composition of pot orchids grown in the greenhouse. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to investigate the beneficial effects of a mycorrhizal fungus, Epulorhiza repens isolate ML01, an endophytic fungus, Umbelopsis nana isolate ZH3A-3 and a mixed commercial inoculum Rem, alone or in combination. Nested PCR assays showed that both isolates ML01 and ZH3A-3 can successfully establish in inoculated soil. All the inoculants significantly increased the plant total dry weight of Cymbidium hybridum 'Golden Boy', whereas only co-inoculation with the endophytic fungus ZH3A-3 and the Rem enhanced the fresh weight and height of host plants. The mycorrhizal fungus positively affected P, K, Ca, Mg content in shoots and Zn content in roots, while the endophytic fungus improved N, P, Ca accumulation in shoots and roots. Co-inoculation with the Rem and ML01 improved root to shoot translocation of Fe and Zn. In addition, inoculation with ZH3A-3, ML01+Rem and ZH3A-3+Rem decreased the relative frequency of Fusarium sp. on orchid roots. Trichoderma sp. were isolated from the roots treated with ML01, ML01+Rem and ZH3A-3+Rem. Both mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi had the potential to create favourable microflora in the orchid roots and stimulate the growth of transplanted plantlets under greenhouse condition. The newly isolated endophytic strain ZH3A-3 showed significant application value in orchid production.The newly isolated endophytic strain ZH3A-3 showed significant application value in orchid production.With the increasing use of postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) in medicolegal autopsies, three-dimensional (3D) models of injured areas can now be generated from multislice computed tomography images. However, since PMCT has low sensitivity for detecting injuries in solid organs in the absence of contrast administration, it has been difficult to demonstrate the tracks of stab wounds leading to solid organ injury using 3D reconstruction. Here, we report one homicide case with two stab wounds. On the skin surface, the stab wounds were located on the neck and anterior chest wall. A medicolegal autopsy revealed that one stab wound in the neck had penetrated the wall of the right pleural cavity and the upper portion of the right lung whereas the other stab wound in the anterior chest wall had penetrated the right diaphragm and the heart. To illustrate the tracks of the stab wounds, superimposed CT images of the body, the excised organ, and a knife model were constructed to obtain a 3D model. This allowed clear and concise visualization of the complex relationship of the knife to the heart incision and the stab wound on the chest surface.