0, 2.3, and 1.6 years, respectively. Overall, 722 (3%) developed DM. Persons starting INSTIs vs. NNRTIs had incident DM risk (HR=1.17 [0.92-1.48]) similar to PI- vs. NNRTI-initiators (HR=1.27 [1.07-1.51]). This effect was most pronounced for raltegravir- (HR=1.42 [1.06-1.91]) vs. NNRTI-initiators. The INSTI-DM association was attenuated (HR=1.03 [0.71-1.49] vs. NNRTIs) when accounting for 12-month weight. Initiating first cART regimens with INSTIs or PIs vs. NNRTIs may confer greater risk of DM, likely mediated through weight gain. Further characterization of metabolic changes after INSTI initiation and potential therapeutic interventions are needed.Initiating first cART regimens with INSTIs or PIs vs. NNRTIs may confer greater risk of DM, likely mediated through weight gain. Further characterization of metabolic changes after INSTI initiation and potential therapeutic interventions are needed. Poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC) is a rare, follicular cell-derived neoplasm with an unfavorable prognosis. The oncocytic variant of PDTC may be associated with even more adverse outcome than classical PDTC cases, but its specific molecular features are largely unknown. selleck chemical Our aim was to explore the immune-related gene expression profile of oncocytic and classical PDTC, in correlation with clinical and pathological characteristics (including programmed death ligand 1 [PD-L1] expression) and outcome, and in comparison with a control group of well-differentiated follicular carcinomas (WDFCs), including conventional follicular carcinomas (FTCs) and Hürthle cell carcinomas (HCCs). A retrospective series of 48 PDTCs and 24 WDFCs was analyzed by means of NanoString technology employing the nCounter PanCancer Immune Profiling panel. Gene expression data were validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Oncocytic PDTCs showed a specific immune-related gene expression profile, with hrapeutic options for oncocytic PDTC patients. Glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level is used to screen and diagnose diabetes. Genetic determinants of HbA1c can vary across populations and many of the genetic variants influencing HbA1c level were specific to populations. To discover genetic variants associated with HbA1c level in nondiabetic Malay individuals. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis for HbA1c using 2 Malay studies, the Singapore Malay Eye Study (SiMES, N = 1721 on GWAS array) and the Living Biobank study (N = 983 on GWAS array and whole-exome sequenced). We built a Malay-specific reference panel to impute ethnic-specific variants and validate the associations with HbA1c at ethnic-specific variants. Meta-analysis of the 1000 Genomes imputed array data identified 4 loci at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-8). Of the 4 loci, 3 (ADAM15, LINC02226, JUP) were novel for HbA1c associations. At the previously reported HbA1c locus ATXN7L3-G6PC3, association analysis using the exome data fine-mapped the HbA1c associations to a 27-bp deletion (rs769664228) at SLC4A1 that reduced HbA1c by 0.38 ± 0.06% (P = 3.5 × 10-10). Further imputation of this variant in SiMES confirmed the association with HbA1c at SLC4A1. We also showed that these genetic variants influence HbA1c level independent of glucose level. We identified a deletion at SLC4A1 associated with HbA1c in Malay. The nonglycemic lowering of HbA1c at rs769664228 might cause individuals carrying this variant to be underdiagnosed for diabetes or prediabetes when HbA1c is used as the only diagnostic test for diabetes.We identified a deletion at SLC4A1 associated with HbA1c in Malay. The nonglycemic lowering of HbA1c at rs769664228 might cause individuals carrying this variant to be underdiagnosed for diabetes or prediabetes when HbA1c is used as the only diagnostic test for diabetes.Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a challenging cancer with little change in five-year overall survival rate of 50-60% over the last two decades. Radiation with or without platinum-based drugs remains the standard of care despite limited benefit and high toxicity. HNSCCs often overexpress epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and inhibition of EGFR signaling enhances radiation sensitivity by interfering with repair of radiation-induced DNA breaks. Poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) also participates in DNA damage repair, but its inhibition provides benefit in cancers that lack DNA repair by homologous recombination (HR) such as BRCA-mutant breast cancer. HNSCCs in contrast are typically BRCA wild-type and proficient in HR repair, making it challenging to apply anti-PARP1 therapy in this model. A recently published study showed that a combination of EGFR and PARP1 inhibition induced more DNA damage and greater growth control than each single agent in HNSCC cells. This leddiation triple combination, the data reported here demonstrate a potential for combining biologically-based therapies that might optimize radiosensitization in HNSCC. The human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) subtype c is endemic to central Australia. We report the first large-scale, community-based, health survey of HTLV-1 and its disease associations in this setting. Aboriginal community residents aged >2 years in seven remote communities were invited to do a health survey that included a questionnaire, spirometry and clinical examination by a physician blinded to HTLV-1 status, clinical records and spirometry results. Blood was drawn for HTLV-1 serology and proviral load (PVL). Pulmonary disease was assessed clinically and spirometrically and, where records were available, radiologically after the clinical assessment. Associations between specific diseases and HTLV-1 status were determined using logistic regression, adjusting for available confounders. Overall, 579 residents (children aged 3-17, 164; adults, 415) were examined (37.7% of the estimated resident population). HTLV-1 prevalences for children and adults were 6.1% and 39.3%, respectively. No associations were found between HTLV-1 and any assessed clinical condition among children. Chronic pulmonary disease and gait abnormalities were more common among adults with HTLV-1 infection. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR)(95% CI) among participants with PVL ≥ 1000 per 10 5 PBL were 7.08 (2.67, 18.74; p<0.001), 9.81 (3.52, 27.35; p<0.001) and 14.4 (4.99, 41.69; p<0.001) for clinically defined chronic pulmonary disease, moderate-severe expiratory airflow limitation and radiologically determined bronchiectasis/bronchiolitis, respectively, and 5.21 (1.50, 18.07; p=0.009) for gait abnormalities. In the first study of HTLV-1 disease associations based on community recruitment and blinded assessment, HTLV-1 infection was strongly associated with pulmonary disease and gait abnormalities.In the first study of HTLV-1 disease associations based on community recruitment and blinded assessment, HTLV-1 infection was strongly associated with pulmonary disease and gait abnormalities.