Fourth-generation formulas for intraocular lens power calculations, including the Barrett Universal II formula, the Olsen formula or the Holladay 2 formula, were thoroughly validated with optical biometry measurements. They precisely predict the effective lens position not only in normal eyes but also in eyes with unusual anatomy. However, in the setting of dense nuclear or posterior subcapsular cataracts, optical biometers fail to obtain accurate measurements and third-generation formulas, i.e. the Hoffer Q or the SRK/T, combined with ultrasound measurements are a method of choice. Considering that optical biometry was fine-tuned to immersion ultrasound, we hypothesize that fourth-generation formulas will yield precise intraocular lens power calculations with immersion ultrasound measurements. We retrospectively analyzed 50 eyes of 50 patients who underwent uneventful cataract surgery. All patients had intraocular lens power calculated based on immersion ultrasound measurements. Refractive error predictions were compared between third-generation formulas and fourth-generation formulas. There were no statistically significant differences in the median absolute error between formulas. learn more In the study, 86%, 88%, 86%, 84%, 88% and 80% of eyes were within 1 D of target refraction for the SRK/T, the Barrett II, the Hoffer Q, the Holladay 1, the Holladay 2 and the Olsen formula respectively. Fourth-generation formulas combined with immersion ultrasound produced similar results to third-generation formulas. However, the percentage of eyes within 1 D of target refraction remains inferior to previously reported results for optical biometry measurements.Fourth-generation formulas combined with immersion ultrasound produced similar results to third-generation formulas. However, the percentage of eyes within 1 D of target refraction remains inferior to previously reported results for optical biometry measurements. To report the characteristics and outcomes of extraocular muscle (EOM) surgery for diplopia and abnormal head posture (AHP) after treatment of severe brain diseases such as brain tumor, severe cerebral bleeding and cerebral infarction. Sixty-four patients (mean age 53.7 ± 16.0 years) who underwent EOM surgery to eliminate diplopia or AHP after treatment for brain disease at Hyogo College of Medicine Hospital from March 2006 through February 2018 were included. We divided the patients into two groups a severe cerebrovascular disorder (SCVD) group and a brain tumor (BT) group. Backgrounds, surgical outcomes and satisfaction with treatment outcomes were examined retrospectively and compared between the two groups. The NEI-VFQ 25, Japanese version, was used to quantify postoperative satisfaction. There were 26 patients in the SCVD group and 38 patients in the BT group. The average age for the BT group was significantly younger than that for the SCVD group (P = 0.0236). The period from the onset of diplopia to EOM surgery was approximately 4 years for both groups. Abducens palsy was the most frequent disturbance (27% in the SCVD group and 52.6% in the BT group), and the numbers of operations were similar between the 2 groups (1.3 ± 0.7 and 1.3 ± 0.5 operations, respectively). In total, diplopia was eliminated in 82.8% of cases and AHP improved in 81.6% of cases. The BT group scored significantly higher than the SCVD group on 8 out of the 11 items on the VFQ 25. EOM surgery was effective in eliminating diplopia and AHP. Therefore, we recommend that these patients visit an ophthalmologist as soon as possible and undergo EOM surgery.EOM surgery was effective in eliminating diplopia and AHP. Therefore, we recommend that these patients visit an ophthalmologist as soon as possible and undergo EOM surgery. To describe the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) and its subtypes in elderly population with cataracts prior to surgery in Jakarta, Indonesia. Forty-nine eyes of 49 patients (16 males, 33 females; mean age 66.6 years) planned for phacoemulsification surgery were consecutively recruited from two tertiary eye hospitals in this hospital-based cross-sectional study. Symptoms were assessed using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, and the patient was defined as symptomatic if their OSDI score was ≥13. Objective examinations included the noninvasive tear film break up time (NIBUT) and Schirmer tests. The results were deemed abnormal if they were <10 seconds and <10 mm for NIBUT and Schirmer, respectively. Participants were classified into four groups DED (positive symptoms and short NIBUT), preclinical dry eye (positive symptoms without short NIBUT), predisposition to dry eye (short NIBUT without symptoms), and normal group. Median OSDI score was 12.5 (0-45.0), NIBUT was 10.4 (5.1-alf of the subjects presented with dry eye symptoms and either categorized as DED or preclinical dry eye, while more than one quarter were predisposed to dry eye. Care must be taken prior to cataract surgery to rule out existing dry eye with additional attention on those presenting without any symptoms as dry eye may develop after surgery. To evaluate using the resected medial rectus muscle for elongation of the lateral rectus tendon in monocular surgery for large-angle sensory exotropia. A prospective case series was carried out in Tanta University hospital from January 2017 to June 2018 including 16 patients with large-angle sensory exotropia ≥50PD. The near and distance angles of exotropia were measured; any restrictions in adduction or abduction were recorded and scaled from -4 to 0. Resection of the medial rectus muscle was done first; the resected segment was attached to the lateral rectus muscle after dissection by mattress sutures, and the muscle was recessed after elongation according to the preoperative distance angles. Successful motor alignment was considered if the angle measurement was within 10 PD of orthotropia at distance after 6 months. The stability of the alignment, any motility restrictions, and patient satisfaction were recorded at each follow-up visit until the 6th month. The mean age of the study patients was 30.68±13.