The outbreak of COVID-19 constitutes an unprecedented disruption globally, in which risk management framework is on top priority in many countries. Travel restriction and home/office quarantine are some frequently utilized non-pharmaceutical interventions, which bring the worst crisis of airline industry compared with other transport modes. Therefore, the post-recovery of global air transport is extremely important, which is full of uncertainty but rare to be studied. The explicit/implicit interacted factors generate difficulties in drawing insights into the complicated relationship and policy intervention assessment. In this paper, a Causal Bayesian Network (CBN) is utilized for the modelling of the post-recovery behaviour, in which parameters are synthesized from expert knowledge, open-source information and interviews from travellers. The tendency of public policy in reaction to COVID-19 is analyzed, whilst sensitivity analysis and forward/backward belief propagation analysis are conducted. Results show the feasibility and scalability of this model. On condition that no effective health intervention method (vaccine, medicine) will be available soon, it is predicted that nearly 120 days from May 22, 2020, would be spent for the number of commercial flights to recover back to 58.52%-60.39% on different interventions. This intervention analysis framework is of high potential in the decision making of recovery preparedness and risk management for building the new normal of global air transport.This article is intended as the leading article in a special issue devoted to the achievements, limitations, opportunities and risks entailed in the research and practice of contemporary philanthropy. The article first characterizes philanthropy as a highly diverse and dynamic set of social practices that has only recently been subject to the systematic scrutiny of an emerging field of research, parallel to its rapid transformation and increased societal visibility. The main debates that emerged during the last two decades while researching the complexities of contemporary philanthropy are contextualized from the perspective of multiple disciplines; and the main foci for contentious conceptualizations and societal expectations explored. In this context, contributions of the special issues are summarized. Further avenues for pushing the boundaries of philanthropy research in ways inclusive of the dynamism, diversity, multi-disciplinarity and controversy that characterize the field, while at the same time providing meaningful answers to societal concerns about the potential and shortcomings of new philanthropic practices, are drawn. Refugees show ahigh prevalence of mental health burden. Catering to the need for mental health services is made difficult by access barriers. Asciminib mw These barriers consist of structural factors as well as culturally different attitudes towards mental health, mental illness, and therapeutic interventions. One option to overcome these access barriers and to provide mental healthcare services in an appropriate manner is seen in digital interventions. In the form of interactive websites or smartphone apps, these interventions have proven to be effective in mental healthcare. There are also promising examples of successful use of these technologies with refugees. However, the ethical aspects of digital interventions for refugees have scarcely been studied yet. Aim of this paper is to tackle this research desiderate. The instrument of the ethical analysis to be conducted is the concept of agency. According to the concept of agency, persons have to be seen as actors capable of acting based on their own resources and competencies. Agency is the guiding principle here for analyzing the opportunities and risks of digital interventions for refugees. In addition, Iwill attempt to point out prospects for an agency-based application of digital interventions. The ethical analysis could be used as the blueprint for developing therapeutic concepts that contribute to the improvement of mental healthcare services for refugees from an ethical perspective.The ethical analysis could be used as the blueprint for developing therapeutic concepts that contribute to the improvement of mental healthcare services for refugees from an ethical perspective.We revisit the standard theoretical model of tax competition to consider imperfect mobility of both capital and labor. We show that the mobility of one factor affects the taxation of both factors and that the "race-to-the-bottom" narrative (with burden shifting) applies essentially to capital-exporting countries. We validate our predictions using a panel of 29 OECD countries over the period of 1997-2017. The quantitative contribution of rising capital mobility to the decline of corporate income tax rates over our sample period is nonetheless less than that of population ageing.The outbreak of Covid-19 has significantly restricted people's everyday life and contributed to enhanced social media use (SMU). The present study investigated the relationship of burden caused by Covid-19 and addictive SMU. Data were assessed in a sample of 550 users of social media (age M (SD) = 27.08 (6.74)) from Germany via online surveys in spring 2020. In a moderated mediation analysis, the positive association between burden and addictive SMU was significantly mediated by the level of perceived sense of control. Anxiety symptoms significantly moderated the relationship between sense of control and addictive SMU. Specifically, the link between both variables was significant only for medium and high levels of anxiety symptoms. The present findings disclose the mechanisms that can contribute to the development of addictive tendencies during the pandemic outbreak. Potential practical implications and ways of how the negative consequences of burden caused by Covid-19 might be prevented are discussed.For the discrete Laguerre operators we compute explicitly the corresponding heat kernels by expressing them with the help of Jacobi polynomials. This enables us to show that the heat semigroup is ultracontractive and to compute the corresponding norms. On the one hand, this helps us to answer basic questions (recurrence, stochastic completeness) regarding the associated Markovian semigroup. On the other hand, we prove the analogs of the Cwiekel-Lieb-Rosenblum and the Bargmann estimates for perturbations of the Laguerre operators, as well as the optimal Hardy inequality.