To investigate the structure-function relationship in eyes with drusen with mesopic and scotopic microperimetry. We analyzed structural and functional data from 43 eyes with drusen. Functional data were acquired with mesopic and scotopic two-color (red and cyan) microperimetry. Normative values were calculated using data from 56 healthy eyes. Structural measurements were green autofluorescence and dense macular optical coherence tomography scans. The latter were used to calculate the retinal pigment epithelium elevation (RPE-E) and the photoreceptor reflectivity ratio (PRR). The pointwise structure-function relationship was measured with linear mixed models having the log-transformed structural parameters as predictors and the sensitivity loss (SL, deviation from normal) as the response variable. In the univariable analysis, the structural predictors were all significantly correlated ( < 0.05) with the SL in the mesopic and scotopic tests. In a multivariable model, mesopic microperimetry yielded the best structure-function relationship. All predictors were significant ( < 0.05), but the predictive power was weak (best = 0.09). The relationship was improved when analyzing locations with abnormal RPE-E (best = 0.18). Mesopic microperimetry shows better structure-function relationship compared to scotopic microperimetry; the relationship is weak, likely due to the early functional damage and the small number of tested locations affected by drusen. click here The relationship is stronger when locations with drusen are isolated for the mesopic and scotopic cyan test. These results could be useful to devise integrated structure-function methods to detect disease progression in intermediate age-related macular degeneration.These results could be useful to devise integrated structure-function methods to detect disease progression in intermediate age-related macular degeneration. Outline the association between age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and functional difficulty using novel item response theory (IRT) psychometric techniques, and highlight populations particularly at risk of functional impairment. This cross-sectional study included 5604 US adults. Primary outcomes were item response theory-adjusted visual and physical difficulty scores. Secondary analyses of AMD populations at highest risk of reporting greater functional difficulty were undertaken. In total, there were 386 participants with early AMD (mean presenting visual acuity [pVA], 0.12) and 55 with late AMD (mean pVA, 0.35). Those with late AMD reported substantially higher item visual difficulty, whereas those with both early/late AMD reported significantly higher item physical difficulty versus those with no AMD ( < .05). In univariate regression, only those with late AMD reported significantly higher visual difficulty versus those with no AMD (10.1 points [95% confidence interval (CI), 8.2-12.1 pointses. AMD confers significant functional difficulty among US adults with sociodemographic characteristics influencing dysfunction; highlighting the value of alternatives to Snellen visual acuity in assessing visual characteristics. With aging populations and the increasing prevalence of AMD, health care professionals should be aware of the functional burden of AMD and recognize those at higher risk of functional difficulty. Contemporary psychometric validation techniques can be effective in accurately describing the level of functional impairment for those with visual impairment.Contemporary psychometric validation techniques can be effective in accurately describing the level of functional impairment for those with visual impairment. To evaluate titanium (Ti) sputtering of the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) stem of the Boston Keratoprosthesis (BK) as a method to enhance interfacial adhesion between the PMMA and the recipient corneal tissue. PMMA specimens were plasma treated with Ar/O and coated with Ti using a DC magnetron sputtering instrument. The topography and hydrophilicity of the surfaces were characterized using atomic force microscopy and a water contact angle instrument, respectively. Scratch hardness and adhesion of the Ti film were measured using a mechanical tester. Biocompatibility assessments were performed using cultured human corneal fibroblasts and whole blood ex vivo. The optical quality of the Ti sputtered BK was evaluated using a custom-made optical bench. By contact angle studies, the Ti coating improved PMMA hydrophilicity to match that of medical-grade Ti (Ti-6Al-4V-ELI). Ti sputtering of contact surfaces resulted in a plate-like morphology with increased surface roughness, without impacting the transparency of the BK optical component. Scratch testing indicated that the mechanical behavior of the Ti coating was similar to that of casted Ti, and the coating was stable in pull-off adhesion testing. Sputtered Ti film was highly biocompatible based on tests of cell viability, adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, collagen deposition, and keratocan expression, the properties of which exceeded those of uncoated PMMA and did not induce increased complement activation. Titanium coating of the BK stem generated a mechanically and biologically favorable interface, which may help to enhance corneal stromal adhesion and biocompatibility. Improving the biocompatibility of the BK PMMA stem may improve long-term outcomes of implantation.Improving the biocompatibility of the BK PMMA stem may improve long-term outcomes of implantation. To develop a human platelet lysate (hPL)-based bioink that is transparent and also encompasses the regenerative properties of hPL to facilitate wound healing. The effect of different batches of hPLand fetal bovine serum (FBS) on corneal epithelial cell growth and scratch assay was first examined using Incucyte Zoom. Various combinations of human fibrinogen (concentration range from 0.2 to 5 mg/mL) and thrombin (concentration from 1 to 10 U/mL) were combined with hPL to generate nine types of potential bioink. Rheology, transparency, and cell compatibility of bioinks were assessed and compared. The final selected bioink was used in an ex vivo corneal model to examine its ability in re-epithelization. No significant difference was detected in cell proliferation and wound healing tests between different hPL batches at the same concentration. Scratch assay data showed that hPL had significantly higher effect on wound healing than FBS. Comparing across the nine bioinks, bioink 5 consisting of 10% hPL, 2 mg/mL fibrinogen, and 5 U/mL thrombin demonstrated all required mechanical and cellular properties and was able to regenerate the full-thickness epithelium ex vivo The results showed that a transparent and adhesive bioink can be generated by combining hPL, fibrinogen, and thrombin together.