Is there is an association between smoking and pregnancy complications in pregnant women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)? There is an increased risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among women with PCOS who smoke. Smokers are at increased risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Given the common pathophysiology and shared risk factors between type 2 DM and GDM, we sought to assess whether an association between smoking and the development of GDM exists. This is a retrospective population-based study utilizing data from the HCUP-NIS over 11 years from 2004 to 2014. Pregnant women with PCOS who did smoke were compared to pregnant women with PCOS who did not smoke. A second comparison was made between pregnant smokers with and without PCOS. Of the 443 590 women who smoked during pregnancy and the 14 882 women with PCOS, 631 women were both smokers and diagnosed with PCOS. The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project-Nationwide Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS) is the largesttients' underreporting, lack of documentation and documentation differences. The public health implications of confirming smoking as a risk for GDM among women with PCOS are many. This can lead to earlier screening in pregnancy of smokers for GDM. Earlier initiation of interventions could decrease fetal complications and possibly have an impact on the life and long-term health of the offspring. Future studies are needed in order to assess whether smoking cessation during pregnancy decreases the risk of GDM in that gestation. No external funding was used. The authors report no competing interests. N/A.N/A. We investigated the incidence, risk factors, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients with COVID-19 attending emergency departments (EDs), before hospitalization. We retrospectively reviewed all COVID-19 patients diagnosed with PE in 62 Spanish EDs (20% of Spanish EDs, case group) during the first COVID-19 outbreak. COVID-19 patients without PE and non-COVID-19 patients with PE were included as control groups. Adjusted comparisons for baseline characteristics, acute episode characteristics, and outcomes were made between cases and randomly selected controls (11 ratio). We identified 368 PE in 74 814 patients with COVID-19 attending EDs (4.92‰). The standardized incidence of PE in the COVID-19 population resulted in 310 per 100 000 person-years, significantly higher than that observed in the non-COVID-19 population [35 per 100 000 person-years; odds ratio (OR) 8.95 for PE in the COVID-19 population, 95% confidence interval (CI) 8.51-9.41]. Several characteristics in COV. PE in COVID-19 patients at ED presentation is unusual (about 0.5%), but incidence is approximately ninefold higher than in the general (non-COVID-19) population. Moreover, risk factors and leg symptoms are less frequent, D-dimer increase is lower and emboli involve smaller pulmonary arteries. While PE probably does not increase the mortality of COVID-19 patients, mortality is higher in COVID-19 than in non-COVID-19 patients with PE.PE in COVID-19 patients at ED presentation is unusual (about 0.5%), but incidence is approximately ninefold higher than in the general (non-COVID-19) population. Moreover, risk factors and leg symptoms are less frequent, D-dimer increase is lower and emboli involve smaller pulmonary arteries. While PE probably does not increase the mortality of COVID-19 patients, mortality is higher in COVID-19 than in non-COVID-19 patients with PE. Owing to their professional and personal experiences, retired military orthopedic surgeons' views of their careers are a unique source of inspiration. Reflecting on their experiences allows them to grasp the positive points and those that need to be improved for future generations. The purpose of this study is to gather the opinions of retired surgeons on the career of military orthopedic surgeons. We addressed a questionnaire to all retired French military orthopedic surgeons in the database of the Chair of Applied Surgery for the Armed Forces as of December 2020, retrained in the civilian sector. A questionnaire sent by email made it possible to collect demographic, professional, and personal data about their careers. Panobinostat Subjective data were evaluated using a visual analog scale from 0 to 10 or a subjective qualification scale. The main assessment criterion was the average score (out of 10) of the retired surgeons' opinions on their careers. Fifty-two percent of retired surgeons replied (32 out of 61), wre very satisfied with the quality of their training, their job, and their activity. However, the quality of their personal/family life, working conditions, and the financial aspects of the career reduced this satisfaction. The results also have potential application in improving the preparation of young military orthopedic surgeons.Overall, the opinion of retired French military orthopedic surgeons on their careers is very good. Their point of view provides interesting elements for reflection from both a professional point of view and a personal point of view. They were very satisfied with the quality of their training, their job, and their activity. However, the quality of their personal/family life, working conditions, and the financial aspects of the career reduced this satisfaction. The results also have potential application in improving the preparation of young military orthopedic surgeons. New onset undifferentiated large joint inflammatory arthritis can be diagnostically challenging. It is unknown how often these patients progress to rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and how they can be identified at first presentation. We assessed clinical and serological features associated with RA-development in patients with an undifferentiated mono- or oligo-articular large joint arthritis, and with keen interest if an MRI of the small joints of the hand and foot would aid diagnosis. Leiden Early Arthritis Clinic includes 4018 patients; this prospective study follows 221 consecutively included patients with new onset undifferentiated large joint arthritis. Baseline clinical data and serology were obtained. Forty-five patients had MRIs (hand and foot). MRIs were scored according to the OMERACT RAMRIS. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were assessed. Test characteristics, predictive values and net reclassification index (NRI) for RA was determined. Patients mostly presented with knee or ankle mono-arthritis.