Day by day, the demand for portable, low cost, and efficient chemical/gas-sensing devices is increasing due to worldwide industrial growth for various purposes such as environmental monitoring and health care. To fulfill this demand, nanostructured metal oxides can be used as active materials for chemical/gas sensors due to their high crystallinity, remarkable physical/chemical properties, ease of synthesis, and low cost. In particular, (1D) one-dimensional metal oxides nanostructures, such as nanowires, exhibit a fast response, selectivity, and stability due to their high surface-to-volume ratio, well-defined crystal orientations, controlled unidirectional electrical properties, and self-heating phenomenon. Moreover, with the availability of large-scale production methods for nanowire growth such as thermal oxidation and evaporation-condensation growth, the development of highly efficient, low cost, portable, and stable chemical sensing devices is possible. In the last two decades, tremendous advances have benhance the performance of nanowire-based chemical sensor are presented in detail.The complexation process between anionic ZCl4- (Z = P, As, Sb) and neutral NCH and pyridine, as well as the CN- anion, is studied in both the gas phase and aqueous solution by high-level ab initio calculations. Despite the absence of a positively charged σ-hole on ZCl4-, a pnicogen bond (ZB) holds all of these complexes together. The dimerization induces the ZCl4- to rearrange internally from a see-saw to a square geometry. The complexation process is endothermic for both HCN and CN- in the gas phase but for different reasons. The approach of CN- to ZCl4- must overcome anion-anion Coulomb repulsion, while HCN is a much weaker base. The intermediate nucleophilicity of pyridine leads to an exothermic dimerization reaction despite the deformation of the ZCl4- structure. The dimers must traverse an energy barrier in order to dissociate. Formation of the dianionic -NC···ZCl4- complex becomes exothermic in aqueous solution. Complexation with HCN remains endothermic in water, although less so, and the exothermicity of ZB formation with pyridine is enhanced by solvation.An interesting Cu-Co/GO composite with special high organic content was accidentally fabricated for the first time via a one-pot solvothermal method in the mixed solvent of isopropanol and glycerol. The Cu-Co/GO composite was calcined separately in three different atmospheres (air, nitrogen, and argon) and further investigated by a series of characterization techniques. The results indicate that the spinel phase nano-CuCo2O4 composite, nanometal oxides (CuO and CoO), and nanometal mixture of Cu and Co were unexpectedly formed after calcination in air, N2, and Ar atmospheres, respectively, and the possible reaction mechanism was discussed. The specific mass losses of the Cu-Co/GO composite calcined in air, N2, and Ar atmospheres were 28.14 %, 21.68 %, and 23.76 %, respectively. The catalytic decomposition performances of the as-prepared samples for cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) and the mixture of nitrocellulose (NC) and RDX (NC + RDX) were investigated and compared via DSC method, and the results demonstrate that Cu-Co/GO composites obviously decrease the thermal decomposition temperature of RDX from 242.3 to 236.5 (before calcination), 238.6 (air), 235.8 (N2), and 228.6 °C (Ar), respectively. Cu-Co/GO(Ar) composite exhibits the best catalytic decomposition performance among all samples, which makes the decomposition temperature of RDX and NC + RDX decrease by 13.7 and 4.9 °C and the apparent activation energy of decomposition for RDX decrease by 110.1 kJ/mol. The enhanced catalytic performance of Cu-Co/GO(Ar) composite could be attributed to the smaller particle size, better crystallinity, and specific well-dispersed metal atoms, whereas the Cu-Co/GO(air) composite after air calcination presents a bad catalytic performance due to the removal of GO.Most of the current FDA and EMA approved therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are based on humanized or human IgG1, 2, or 4 subclasses and engineered variants. On the structural side, these subclasses are characterized by specific interchain disulfide bridge connections. Different analytical techniques have been reported to assess intact IgGs subclasses, with recently special interest in native ion mobility (IM) and collision induced unfolding (CIU) mass spectrometry (MS). However, these two techniques exhibit significant limitations to differentiate mAb subclasses at the intact level. In the present work, we aimed at developing a unique IM-MS-based approach for the characterization of mAb subclasses at the middle level. Upon IdeS-digestion, the unfolding patterns of the F(ab')2 and Fc domains were simultaneously analyzed in a single run to provide deeper structural insights of the mAb scaffold. The unfolding patterns associated with the F(ab')2 domains are completely different in terms of unfolding energies and number of transitions. Thereby, F(ab')2 regions are the diagnostic domain to provide specific unfolding signatures to differentiate IgG subclasses and provide more confident subclass categorization than CIU on intact mAbs. In addition, the potential of middle-level CIU was evaluated through the characterization of eculizumab, a hybrid therapeutic IgG2/4 mAb. The unfolding signatures of both domains were allowed to corroborate, within a single run, the hybrid nature of eculizumab as well as specific subclass domain assignments to the F(ab')2 and Fc regions. Altogether, our results confirm the suitability of middle-level CIU of F(ab')2 domains for subclass categorization of canonical and more complex new generation engineered antibodies and related products.We herein report the first thorough analysis of the structure-permeability relationship of semi-peptidic macrocycles. In total, 47 macrocycles were synthesized using a hybrid solid phase/solution strategy, then their passive and cellular permeability was assessed using the PAMPA and Caco-2 assay, respectively. Results indicate that semi-peptidic macrocycles generally possess high passive permeability based on the PAMPA assay, yet their cellular permeability is governed by efflux as reported in the Caco-2 assay. RI-1 nmr Structural variations led to a tractable structure-permeability and structure-efflux relationship, whereby linker length, stereoinversion, N-methylation and peptoids site-specifically impact permeability and efflux. Extensive NMR, molecular dynamics and ensemble-based 3D-PSA studies showed that ensemble-based 3D-PSA is a good predictor of passive permeability.